台灣草原農業的發展及展望

台灣位處於熱帶及亞熱帶地區，適於熱帶牧草作物的種植生產。台灣早期種植的牧草品種，均自國外引進的牧草種原中篩選而來，後來行政院農委會畜產試驗所於1978年起開始進行牧草雜交選育的工作，並選育出產量高及品質優的牧草新品種推廣給農民種植。國產芻料的生產量不足供應草食動物之所需，故酪農乃自國外進口昂貴的乾草餵飼動物，使飼養成本居高不下，影響乳酪產品的競爭力。草原農業所扮演的角色，將是多元性的功能，除提供草食動物的芻料外，也有助於水土保持及生態環境的維護，同時能吸收二氧化碳進行光合作用，將有機碳蓄積於土壤中，而牧草作物也被開發作生質能之利用，及作為健康安全的食材，同時也提供野生動物棲息的場所，大面積種植牧草也能增加綠地景觀，有助於發展休閒遊憩業及提高生活環境的品質。台灣未來草原農業的發展，建議須規劃牧草生產專區，且遠離可能的環境污染源，對芻料的品質須隨時測定監控，以生產安全的芻料；同時建立國產芻料供應中心，以穩定供應芻料給酪農戶，並加強芻料作物多元化利用之研發，以提高其附加價值。

關鍵字

草原農業；生態環境；綠地景觀；生質能

並列摘要

Taiwan locates in tropic and subtropic zones where tropic species of forage crops are better adapted. In early stage, the grown species of forage crops in Taiwan were selected from the forage germplasms introduced abroad. The scientists of Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture have begun to do forage breeding since 1978. They have already bred the new cultivars of forage crops with high yield and quality. The new cultivars of forage species are recommended to farmers to grow. The forages produced locally can not meet the requirement of the herbivorous animals raised in Taiwan. Thus, the dairy farmers import the hays to feed animals. However, the imported hays are very expensive. It might cause the high cost of dairy production. The grassland farming plays multifunctional roles in agricultural production. Except providing the forage to feed animals, the grassland is helpful for water and soil conservation and maintenance of ecological environment. In addition, the forage crops can absorb CO_2 to conduct photosynthesis and store the organic carbon in soil. Forage crop has a potential to be a biofuel crop and provides safe material for preparing healthy food. Further, the grassland can provide the area for the wild animals to live in. To grow the forage grass in a large scale can increase the view of green scenery and facilitate to develop the leisure tourism. It can be helpful to improve the quality of the living environment, too. For the future outlook of developing grassland farming, it is suggested that some specific areas will be planned to grow the forage crops. The specific areas can be far away from the possible source of the environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the forage quality can be determined any time to ensure to produce the forages with safety. In addition, it is needed to establish the supplying center of the domestic forages to provide steadily the forages for feeding animals. Further researches for developing the multi-use of the forage crops will be conducted to enhance the additional values.

並列關鍵字

Grassland farming ； Ecological environment ； Green scenery ； Biofuel

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