利用可攜式乳量計進行臺灣乳山羊泌乳性狀調查並採樣分析乳組成

Using portable milk meter to collect the data of milking characteristics and milk components of dairy goats in Taiwan

楊深玄(Shen-Shyuan Yang) ； 王勝德(Sheng-Der Wang) ； 蘇安國(An-Kuo Su) ； 馮擇仁(Chi-Jen Feng) ； 黃政齊(Jan-Chi Huang)

《畜產研究》 46卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 263-270

摘要

本調查以可攜式乳量計進行山羊之乳量測定與乳樣收集，並探討所測得之泌乳性狀與乳組成之間的相關性。自2010年9月至2012年2月共收集可供統計之資料筆數1,563筆，在泌乳性狀方面，受測羊群平均之乳產量為2.52±0.93kg／頭，搾乳時間為2.58±0.91min／頭，最高乳溫為36.20±1.58℃，主搾乳期間之平均流速為0.68±0.23kg／min，22秒內之最高流速為0.98±0.34kg／min，最高流速時之電導度為8.23±0.96mS／cm，一分鐘內的最大流速率為0.80±0.28kg／min，最大電導度為8.34±1.39mS／cm。乳組成之分析結果顯示，乳脂率為3.12±0.78%，乳蛋白質率為2.99±0.37%，乳糖率為4.31±0.33%，非脂固形物百分比為8.01±0.54%、總固形物百分比為11.13±1.10%、體細胞數為1.72±2.41×10^6／mL、乳中尿素氮濃度為23.56±7.97mg／dL、乳中檸檬酸濃度為147.7±34.4mg／dL。乳產量與一分鐘內的最大流速率之間的相關係數最高（r=0.64, P＜0.0001），其次為搾乳時間（r=0.56, P＜0.0001）、最高乳溫（r=0.54, P＜0.0001）與22秒內之最高流速（r=0.43, P＜0.0001）。總固形物百分比、乳蛋白質率、乳脂率等乳組成項目均與最高乳溫有最高之負相關，相關係數分別為-0.56、-0.55與-0.51。本調查結論認為，利用可攜式乳量計進行測乳工作，可快速測定泌乳山羊之泌乳性狀並可收集乳樣供分析其組成，統計數據可提供業者進行飼養管理與評估山羊泌乳能力的決策依據。

關鍵字

可攜式乳量計 ； 乳山羊 ； 泌乳性狀 ； 乳組成

並列摘要

The aim of this survey was to use the portable milk meter to collect the data of milking characteristics and milk components of dairy goats in Taiwan and find the correlation between these parameters. This survey was conducted from September of 2010 to February of 2012, and collected 1,563 milk samples. The data were transferred to computer file by specially commercial software, and were combined with the status of individual goat from farmers and its milk components from milk analyzed laboratory. The result showed that the total milk yield, the highest milk flow within 22 seconds, the electrical conductivity at highest milk flow, the average milk flow in the main milking phase, the maximal milk flow rate in one minute, the maximal electrical conductivity, the duration of the total milking and the maximal milk temperature in this survey were 2.52 ± 0.93 kg/herd, 0.98 ± 0.34 kg/min, 8.23 ± 0.96 mS/cm, 0.68 ± 0.23 kg/min, 0.80 ± 0.28 kg/min, 8.34 ± 1.39 mS/cm, 2.58 ± 0.91 min/herd, and 36.20 ± 1.58℃, respectively. Meanwhile, the average percentage of milk fat, milk protein, milk lactose, milk nonfat solids, milk total solids, and somatic cell counts in milk, the concentration of urea nitrogen in milk and citric acids in milk were 3.12 ± 0.78%, 2.99 ± 0.37%, 4.31 ± 0.33%, 8.01 ± 0.54%, 11.13 ± 1.10%, 1.72 ± 2.41 × 10^6/mL, 23.56 ± 7.97 mg/dL, and 147.7 ± 34.4 mg/dL, respectively. Evidence showed that there was the highest correlation between measuring total amount milk with the maximal milk flow rate in one minute (r = 0.64, P ＜ 0.0001), following by with the duration of the total milking (r = 0.56, P ＜ 0.0001), the maximal milk temperature (r = 0.54, P ＜ 0.0001) and the highest milk flow within 22 seconds (r = 0.43, P ＜ 0.0001). There was a negative correlation existed between the maximal milk temperature with the percentage of milk total solids, milk protein and milk fat. Their correlation were -0.56, -0.55, and -0.51, respectively. In conclusion, the portable milk meter can be used for dairy goat milking to collect many usefully data. These data, no matter it has positive or negative correlation with milk yield, can offer farmers very good information to adjust feeding, manage, milking system and milk procedure for reaching the healthy of goat herd.

並列關鍵字

Portable milk meter ； Dairy goat ； Milking characteristics ； Milk components