人工飼養黑天鵝繁殖與行為調查

Investigation on reproductive behavior in captive black swan

蕭智彰(Chih-Chang Hsiao) ； 王勝德(Sheng-Der Wang) ； 練慶儀(Ching-Yi Lien)

《畜產研究》 53卷1期 (2020/03) Pp. 25-30

https://doi.org/10.6991/JTLR.202003_53(1).0004

摘要

本調查旨在了解黑天鵝人工飼養後之繁殖行為，調查分成二部分：一、利用黑天鵝種鵝16隻（8公、8母）調查其於戶外飼養期間之繁殖性能；二、利用黑天鵝種鵝18隻（9公、9母）調查其於舍內飼養期間之繁殖性能，並記錄其配種後各項行為時間。調查結果顯示，戶外飼養之黑天鵝有1－4個產蛋週期，每次可產蛋1－7枚、產蛋週期平均產蛋數4.17枚，孵化期約35－38天，受精率與受精蛋孵化率分別為42.23%和26.11%。舍內飼養之黑天鵝除產蛋週期較少外，其餘之繁殖性能結果與戶外飼養者相近。另觀察舍內飼養之公、母黑天鵝於配種後之各項行為時間分別為：游泳及洗澡占31.83%及41.25%，採食與飲水占2.04%及2.04%，站立與警戒占2.00%及2.04%，伏臥休息占30.54%及30.25%，陸上理毛占33.38%及24.71%。本調查結果顯示，舍內飼養黑天鵝除受精率及受精蛋孵化率較佳外，有利於後續繁殖期管理。另透過黑天鵝行為觀察可了解其繁殖習性，可作為未來改善人工飼養技術之參考。

關鍵字

黑天鵝 ； 繁殖 ； 行為 ； 舍內飼養 ； 戶外飼養

並列摘要

The aim of the study was to investigate the reproductive behavior in captive black swan. The investigation included two parts: I. An investigation of the reproductive performances for 16 breeders black swan (8 cobs and 8 pens) in outdoor feeding. II. Eighteen breeders black swan (9 cobs and 9 pens) were used to investigate the reproductive performances under in-house rearing. After mating, the time spent for each behavior was recorded. The results showed that the black swans reared outdoor owned 1 to 4 clutches. Each pen owned 1 to 7 laying eggs per clutch (average number of eggs was 4.17), an incubation period was about 35 to 38 days, the average fertilization rate and the hatching rate of fertilized egg were 42.23% and 26.11%, respectively. Reproductive performances of both in-house and outdoor rearing black swan were similar, except for the number of laying cycle (in-house ＜ outdoor). After mating, the percentage of time for each behavior spent by in-house rearing cobs and pens were: swimming and bathing in the water (31.83%, 41.25%); feeding and drinking (2.04%, both cobs and pens); standing and alerting (2.00%, 2.04%); prone resting (30.54%, 30.25%); land preening (33.38%, 24.71%). The results showed that the black swan reared in indoor house had higher fertilization rate, hatching rate of fertilized eggs which was beneficial to the management of the subsequent breeding period. The behavior of black swan can be realized by observation, which could be used as the reference for future improvement in artificial feeding technology.

並列關鍵字

Black swan ； Reproduction ； Behavior ； In-house rearing ； Outdoor feeding