馴化黑天鵝生長、繁殖及人工孵化之調查

Investigation on growth, reproduction and artificial hatching in domestic black swans

蕭智彰(Chih-Chang Hsiao) ； 練慶儀(Ching-Yi Lien)

《畜產研究》 56卷2期 (2023/06) Pp. 112-118

https://doi.org/10.6991/JTLR.202306_56(2).0004

摘要

本研究旨在調查馴化黑天鵝（以下簡稱黑天鵝）之生長、繁殖及人工孵化等基礎資料。調查分成二部分：一、利用黑天鵝雛鵝20隻（8公與12母）調查舍內飼養之生長性狀；二、利用黑天鵝種鵝20隻（10公與10母），調查其於舍內飼養期間之繁殖性狀。以41枚黑天鵝種蛋進行人工孵化，並調查種蛋物理性狀。試驗結果顯示，生長性狀方面，不同性別之黑天鵝於16週齡體重有顯著差異，且公黑天鵝之體高較母黑天鵝高（P<0.05）。繁殖性狀方面，以自然孵化方式之種蛋受精率與受精蛋孵化率則分別為45.6%及34.4%。人工孵化方面，孵化之溫、濕度分別為前期（1－14天）37.5℃、55%，中期（15－28天）37.2℃、60%及後期（29－36天）36.6℃、65%，人工孵化種蛋受精率及受精蛋孵化率則分別為61.1%及63.2%，人工孵化之受精蛋孵化率較自然孵化者高（P<0.05）。此外經產及初產母黑天鵝之種蛋在長徑、短徑及蛋重均以經產母黑天鵝顯著較初產母黑天鵝高，惟蛋形係數以初產母黑天鵝較高（P<0.05）。本調查結果顯示，人工孵化成績較自然孵化成績佳，相關飼養、繁殖技術可作為未來改善人工飼養黑天鵝之參考。

關鍵字

人工孵化 ； 黑天鵝 ； 生長 ； 繁殖

並列摘要

The aim of the current study was to investigate the growth, reproduction and artificial hatching in domestic black swans. The investigation combined two parts: I. An investigation of the growth performances for 20 cygnets (8 cobs and 12 pens) in house feeding. II. The twenty breeders black swans (10 cobs and 10 pens) were used to investigate the reproductive performances during in-house rearing period. The 41 hatching eggs with artificial incubation were used to invest in physical characteristics. The results showed that the body weight at 16 weeks of age differed significantly in sexes, whereas the cobs were taller than the pens (P < 0.05). The average fertilization rate and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs were 45.6% and 34.4%, respectively. In artificial incubation, optimum temperature and humidity were 37.5℃ and 55% in early phase (1-14 d). 37.5℃ and 60% in metaphase (15-28 d) and 36.6℃ and 65% in late phase (29-36 d). The fertilization and hatching rate of fertilized eggs were 61.1% and 63.2%, respectively. The hatching rates of fertilized eggs were taller than the natural incubation (P < 0.05). The length, width and weight of eggs were significantly longer and heavier in the second laying period compared with the first laying period. However, the egg shape index was significantly higher in the first laying period (P < 0.05). The results of artificial incubation were better than those of natural hatching. Our funding could be the reference for improving the artificial feeding technology.

並列關鍵字

Artificial incubation ； Black swan ； Growth ； Reproduction