季節變化與胎次對臺灣荷蘭種泌乳牛產乳量、乳成分及乳脂肪酸組成之影響

Effects of seasonal change and cow's parity on milk yield, milk component and milk fatty acid composition of Holstein milking cows in Taiwan

王思涵(Szu-Han Wang) ； 廖曉涵(Hsiao-Han Liao) ； 凃柏安(Po-An Tu) ； 楊明桂(Ming-Kuew Yang) ； 林宗毅(Tsung-Yi Lin)

《畜產研究》 54卷3期 (2021/09) Pp. 155-161

https://doi.org/10.6991/JTLR.202109_54(3).0002

摘要

本研究旨在探討季節變化與胎次對荷蘭種泌乳牛產乳量、乳成分及乳脂肪酸組成之影響。個別牛採樣日乳量、採樣日期及胎次資料來自行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所新竹分所乳牛群性能改良計畫（Dairy herd improvement, DHI）資料庫，資料期間為2020年1月至12月，共156個泌乳牛群，每月生乳樣品分析項目包含乳脂肪率、乳真蛋白質率及乳脂肪酸。不同季節對DHI乳牛場個別牛乳樣分析結果顯示，隻日產乳量以春季最高（26.44 kg/d），且顯著高於其他季節（P＜0.05）；乳脂肪率以冬季最高（4.07%），且顯著高於其他季節（P＜0.05）；乳真蛋白質率以春季（3.24%）及冬季最高（3.24%），春季及冬季乳真蛋白質率顯著高於夏季及秋季（P＜0.05）。新型合成、混合型及預製型脂肪酸占總脂肪酸含量皆以秋季之含量較高，且顯著高於其他季節（P＜0.05）。不同胎次對DHI乳牛場個別牛乳樣分析結果顯示，隻日產乳量以第3及4胎次最高（26.82及26.85 kg/d）顯著高於其他胎次（P＜0.05）。第1、2及3胎次乳脂肪率最高且顯著高於其他胎次（P＜0.05）；乳真蛋白質率以第2胎次最高（3.23%）。新型合成及混合型脂肪酸占總脂肪酸含量，以第1胎次最低（23.03及32.09%），且顯著低於其他胎次（P＜0.05）；預製型脂肪酸占總脂肪酸含量以第1胎次最高（39.31%），且顯著高於其他胎次（P＜0.05）。綜上所述，牛群隻日產乳量以春季最高、乳脂肪率以冬季最高、乳真蛋白質率以春季及冬季最高；新型合成及預製型脂肪酸占總脂肪酸含量以秋季最高，混合型脂肪酸占總脂肪酸含量以夏季及秋季最高。牛群乳脂肪率及乳真蛋白質率以第2胎次較佳，新型合成及混合型脂肪酸占總脂肪酸含量以第1胎次最低，而預製型脂肪酸占總脂肪酸含量以第4胎次及大於第5胎次最低。藉由探究季節及胎次對泌乳牛產乳量及乳成分之影響，以期提供更多乳牛健康管理綜合評估之依據。

關鍵字

荷蘭種泌乳牛 ； 季節 ； 胎次 ； 乳脂肪酸

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of seasonal change and cow's parity on milk yield and milk composition as detected by routine Fourier-transform infrared analysis including fat, true protein, and fatty acid of milk in Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) milk samples. Data collected between January and December 2020 included cow information such as the average daily milk yield, test-day, and cow's parity from 156 Holstein herds in Taiwan. The result showed the following: that the spring milk samples had the highest daily milk yield (DMY) (26.44 kg/d) and was significantly higher than other seasons (P ＜ 0.05); the winter milk samples had the highest milk fat (MF) (4.07%) and was significantly higher than other seasons (P ＜ 0.05); the spring and winter milk samples had the highest milk protein (MP) (3.24%) and was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn (P ＜ 0.05). The autumn milk samples had the highest de novo, mixed, and preformed fatty acids, and were significantly higher than other seasons (P ＜ 0.05). On the other hand, the 3rd and 4th parity cows had the highest DMY (26.82 kg/d and 26.85 kg/d) and were significantly higher than the others (P ＜ 0.05). The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd parity cows had the highest MF, and were significantly higher than the others (P ＜ 0.05). The 2nd parity cows had the highest MP (3.23%). The 1st parity cows had the lowest de novo FA (23.03 g/100g of total FA) and mixed FA (32.09 g/100g of total FA), and were significantly lower than others (P ＜ 0.05); the 1st parity had the highest preformed FA (39.31 g/100g of total FA), and significantly higher than other parities (P ＜ 0.05). In summary, spring milk had significantly highest DMY, winter milk had significantly highest MF, and spring and winter milk had significantly highest MP. Autumn milk had the highest de novo and preformed FA content of total fat, and summer and autumn milk had the highest mixed FA content of total fat. The 2nd parity cows showed better MF and MP than others. The 1st parity cows had the lowest de novo and mixed FA content of total fat, while the 4th and over 5th parity had the lowest preformed FA content of total fat. The study explores the effects of seasonal change and cow's parity on milk yield, milk component of lactating cows to provide a more comprehensive data of dairy cow health evaluation.

並列關鍵字

Holstein milking cows ； Season ； Parity ； Milk fatty acid