飼糧添加椰子粕對阿爾拜因山羊增重及瘤胃消化之影響

Effect of dietary addition of copra meal on growth performance and rumen digestion of Alpine goats

范耕榛(Geng-Jen Fan) ； 蕭宗法(Tzong-Faa Shiao) ； 李春芳(Churng-Faung Lee)

《畜產研究》 54卷3期 (2021/09) Pp. 162-172

https://doi.org/10.6991/JTLR.202109_54(3).0003

摘要

椰子粕為東南亞豐富的副產物飼料原料之一，為增加國內多樣化飼料資源的開發，在乳用閹公山羊飼糧中添加不同比例的椰子粕，探討對羊隻增重性能與粗收入之影響，同時以瘤胃開窗乾乳羊評估椰子粕飼糧對瘤胃消化代謝之影響，以期推薦進口椰子粕在國內生長肥育期阿爾拜因山羊飼糧中的適當應用。增重試驗將20頭平均43.5 kg的阿爾拜因閹公羊逢機分成4組，每組5頭群飼於高架羊欄56日。飼糧依據NRC（2007）營養需要量調配成含0、10、20或30%（乾基）椰子粕的四種等氮等能量試驗飼糧，飼糧由玉米青貯料、盤固乾草、啤酒粕及穀類精料組成，椰子粕以取代部分盤固乾草、精料中玉米及大豆粕的方式加入。增重試驗結果顯示，羊隻需適應含20－30%椰子粕飼糧約2－3週；餵飼0－30%椰子粕飼糧之4組羊隻隻日乾物質採食量分別為1.32、1.41、1.25及1.21 kg，隻日增重則分別為137、177、148及156 g，飼料轉換率（採食量／增重）分別為9.6、8.0、8.4及7.8。添加椰子粕各組的日增重與飼料轉換率數值上皆有高於對照組的趨勢，分別提升17%與16%。瘤胃消化試驗以4頭瘤胃開窗阿爾拜因乾乳羊進行一個4×4拉丁方試驗，每期14日並於最後2日連續間隔1.5－3小時進行瘤胃內容物採樣，椰子粕在飼糧占比為0、8、16或24%。消化試驗結果顯示，飼糧中椰子粕含量8－24%不會影響瘤胃消化，4組羊隻每日加權後的平均瘤胃pH、氨態氮和揮發性脂肪酸分別為6.09、15.2 mg/dL及112 mM。綜合本次試驗結果顯示，椰子粕可作為山羊良好飼料來源，不影響瘤胃消化環境，但中高量使用時須有適應期。在國內的飼養環境下，生長肥育期之阿爾拜因閹公羊飼糧中可添加10－30%椰子粕，其增重表現、飼料轉換率及經濟效益都可以獲得明顯改善。

關鍵字

椰子粕 ； 阿爾拜因山羊 ； 增重 ； 瘤胃消化

並列摘要

Copra meal is one of the rich by-product for feed ingredients in Southeast Asia. To increase the diverse feed resources, imported copra meal was added into goat diets at different levels. The study explores into the growth performance and economic benefit and evaluates rumen digestion. The study aims to recommend the proper utilization of copra meal in diets for growing Alpine goats. A total of 20 head of castrated Alpine goats with averaged body weight of 43.5 kg were randomly assigned into four treatments and group-fed for 56 days. Four iso-nitrogen and energy diets were formulated according to NRC (2007) recommendation to include copra meal at 0, 10, 20, or 30% (dry matter basis). Diets were constituted by com silage, pangolagrass hay, wet brewer's grains and grain mixture. Copra meal substituted partially the pangolagrass hay, corn and soybean meal. Results from growing trial indicated castrated goats needed two to three weeks to adapt diets containing 20-30% copra meal. Four goat groups fed diets with 0-30% copra meal had daily dry matter intake per head of 1.32, 1.41, 1.25, and 1.21 kg, daily body weight gain of 137, 177, 148, and 156 g, and feed conversion ratio (DMI/ADG) of 9.6, 8.0, 8.4, and 7.8, respectively. The addition of copra meal showed strong tendency in improving the goat's daily gain by 17% and efficiency by 16%. Ruminal digestion trial was conducted by four rumen-cannulated Alpine dry goats in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 14 days a period. At the last 48 h of each period, rumen content were sampled every 1.5 to 3 hours. Dry goats consumed diets containing copra meal at 0, 8, 16, or 24% sequentially. Results from rumen digestion showed diets with 8-24% copra meal would not affect any rumen digestion parameter. Diumal and weighed pH, NH,-N and total volatile fatty acids of rumen content of four groups were averaged 6.09, 15.2 mg/dL and 112 mM, respectively. In summary, copra meal could become a good alternative feed source for dairy goats to produce meat. It will not affect the rumen digestion but requires adaptation when formulated at medium to high level in diets. Under our feeding condition, copra meal could be added into diet 10 - 30% for castrated growing Alpine goats. The body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and economic benefits all achieve numerically better performance.

並列關鍵字

Copra meal ； Alpine goat ； Growth ； Rumen digestion