大豆及青割玉米之單植與間植青貯特性比較

受限於玉米青貯的粗蛋白質含量不足以滿足反芻動物的需求，利用大豆與青割玉米間植成為提升玉米青貯營養價值的理想方式。本研究以青割玉米墾丁1號（KT1）、中晚熟型大豆臺南3號（TN3）及晚熟型澳洲油料用大豆（Au），在秋作分別以大豆單植、青割玉米間植及大豆－青割玉米間植，探討間植與單植青貯發酵的差異、大豆品種對大豆與青割玉米間植青貯發酵的影響。試驗結果顯示，大豆青貯乳酸含量最低，乙酸、丙酸及丁酸含量最高，因而青貯pH最高、品質最低且乾物損失率最高。間植青貯（Au-KT1與TN3-KT1）除了pH及乙酸含量較玉米青貯高，兩者之乳酸、丙酸及丁酸等發酵產物含量及青貯評分均與玉米青貯無顯著差異。雖然間植青貯pH、發酵產物含量及品質在發酵過程的變動趨勢與玉米青貯相似，但受到間植青貯中大豆緩衝能力高的影響，青貯pH、發酵產物含量及品質約需14天才可達穩定狀態，比玉米青貯僅需7天為長，其乾物損失率亦顯著高於玉米青貯。Au-KT1與TN3-KT1因乾物產量中大豆的比重相近（25.3與24.6%），又兩者青貯前之乾物率及芻料化學組成無顯著差異，因此大豆品種不影響參試間植青貯之pH、發酵產物含量及品質。根據試驗結果，利用晚熟型大豆與青割玉米間植，可顯著提升玉米青貯之粗蛋白質含量並獲得產量較高且品質優良的青貯。

關鍵字

大豆；青割玉米；間植；單植；青貯

並列摘要

Due to the insufficient crude protein content of forage corn that could not meet the demand for ruminants, soybean intercropped with forage corn thus becomes an ideal mean to improve the nutrient quality of corn silage. To determine the difference of silage fermentation between monocropping and intercropping, and the effect of soybean cultivars on silage fermentation of corn-soybean intercropping, this study was conducted with forage corn (cv. Kenting No.1, KT1), intermediate-late maturing soybean (cv. Tainan No. 3, TN3) and late maturing soybean (cv. Leichhardt, Au) sown as monocropping and intercropping in fall crop season, respectively. The results showed that soybean silage was the lowest content of lactic acid and the highest content of acetic-, propionic- and butyric acid, which caused the highests pH and dry matter loss rate of soybean silage and the lowest quality among other silages. Except for the pH and acetic acid content higher than those of corn silage, the silage quality and content of fermentation products such as lactic-, propionic-, and butyric acid of interpcropping (Au-KT1 and TN3-KT1) silage were not significantly different from those of corn silageThe fluctuating trend of pH, fermentation products and quality during fermentation of intercropping silage were similar to corn silage; however, subject to the high buffering capacity of soybean in intercropping silage, its pH, fermentation products and quality took about 14 days to become steady state, which was longer than that of corn silage (7 days), and the dry matter loss rate was also significantly higher than corn silage. Since Au-KT1 and TN3-KT1 had similar proportion of soybean in dry matter yield (25.3% and 24.6%), and those dry matter content and forage chemical components showed no significant difference between each other before ensiling, there was no effect on tested intercropping silage pH, content of fermentation products and quality by soybean cultivars. According to the results, late maturing soybean intercropped with forage corn could significantly increase crude protein content of corn silage and obtain silage of higher yield and quality.

並列關鍵字

Soybean ； Forage corn ； Intercropping ； Monocropping ； Silage

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大豆及青割玉米之單植與間植青貯特性比較

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