有效益芻料作物甜高粱及燕麥之生產I.地區輪作模式之建議

Profitable forage production of forage crops - sweet sorghum and oat I. Suggestion of crop rotation for forage production modes

陳勃聿(Po-Yu Chen) ； 張世融(Shyh-Rong Chang)

《畜產研究》 54卷3期 (2021/09) Pp. 198-205

https://doi.org/10.6991/JTLR.202109_54(3).0007

摘要

國產芻料供應量不足，亟需建立具有效率及效益的短期優質芻料生產模式。本研究主要目的為評估具有生產潛力的短期芻料作物與建議地區短期芻料作物輪作生產模式。在彰化縣、臺南市及臺東縣等3個地區夏季種植甜高粱（Sorghum bicolor）之結果顯示，其具耐逆境特性，適合多颱風災害的夏季生產。甜高粱臺畜1號的平均乾物產量達到8,766 kg/ha，粗蛋白質（Crude protein）含量（乾基）平均達到10.9%，水溶性碳水化合物（Water soluble carbohydrate）含量也達7.1%，而其中洗纖維（Neutral detergent fiber）及酸洗纖維（Acid detergent fiber）含量僅分別為59.2%及32.5%，芻料品質相當優良。在3個地區的冬季牧草評估試驗裡，燕麥在產量及品質表現皆較小麥佳。燕麥saia（Avena strigosa Schreb.）的平均乾物產量顯著最高（P ＜ 0.05），達22,980 kg/ha，燕麥swan（A. sativa L.）次之，為18,210 kg/ha，而小麥（Triticum aestivum L.）顯著最低，僅8,880 kg/ha，顯示臺灣冬季芻料作物以燕麥較為合適。另在臺南市進行的燕麥收穫期試驗，燕麥swan在120日收穫時乾物產量顯著最高為44,750 kg/ha；燕麥saia在90及105日收穫時之乾重產量顯著最高，分別為29,060與31,430 kg/ha，而CP含量則分別為11.5%及6.7%。故燕麥saia最佳收穫期為生長90－105日最為適宜。因此，本研究將燕麥早熟品種saia、晚熟品種swan與甜高粱臺畜1號納入彰化縣福興鄉、臺南市鹽水區及臺東縣鹿野鄉的地區輪作系統進行規劃，建議4組新的地區芻料作物輪作生產模式，依序為A.水稻（Oryza sativa L.）－甜高粱－早熟燕麥、B.甜高粱－綠肥大豆（Glycine max L.）－青割玉米（Zea mays L.）、C.綠肥大豆－水稻－早熟燕麥，以及D.綠肥大豆－甜高粱－晚熟燕麥。其中，模式B與D完全為芻料作物之輪作系統。

關鍵字

芻料 ； 甜高粱 ； 燕麥 ； 輪作制度

並列摘要

The insufficient supply of domestic forage drives to the demand for establishing efficient short-term forage production modes in Taiwan. This study aims to evaluate short-tem forage crops with a proposal of profitable forage production of crop rotation modes in different regions. The averaged dry matter yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) reached 8,766 kg/ha. The forage quality of sweet sorghum was excellent with an average crude protein content of 10.9% and water-soluble carbohydrate of 7.1%. In particular, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were 59.2% and 32.5%, respectively. Sweet sorghum was tolerant to flooding and drought, and was suitable for forage production in summer. The average dry matter yield in the three regions for oat ＂saia＂ (Avena strigosa Schreb.) was significantly the highest (P ＜ 0.05) with 22,980 kg/ha, followed by oat ＂swan＂ (A. sativa L.) with 18,210 kg/ha, and the lowest for wheat with 8,880 kg/ha, respectively. The forage yields of oats were greater than that of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), so the oats could be more suitable for production in the winter in Taiwan. The dry matter yield of oat ＂swan＂ was 44,750 kg/ha, harvested 120 days after planting (DAP). The dry matter yields of oat ＂saia＂ harvested 90 and 105 DAP were significantly the highest, with 29,060 kg/ha and 31,430 kg/ha, respectively. However, the CP contents of oat ＂saia＂ were 6.7% and 11.5%, respectively. Hence, the optimum harvest period for oat ＂saia＂ was 90 - 105 DAP. For the reason, the early-maturing oat variety 'saia', the late-maturing oat variety 'swan' and sweet sorghum variety 'Taishu No.1' were suggested as beneficial for the forage production system in different regions. Four new modes of crop rotation for forage production were proposed as follows: A. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) - Sweet sorghum - Oat; B. Sweet sorghum - Manure soybean (Glycine max L.) - Forage corn (Zea mays L.); C. Manure soybean - Rice - Oat and D. Manure soybean - Sweet sorghum - Oat. Mode B and D were entirely forage crop rotation systems.

並列關鍵字

Forage ； Sweet sorghum ； Oat ； Crop rotation mode