飼糧添加蟲草米與菇頭對土雞生長、屠體性狀及健康之影響

利用保健用新型飼料原料或添加物，取代或降低飼料中添加促進生長用抗生素，是近年家禽生產趨勢，而菇類及其副產物富含生理活性成分，可作為新型飼料之來源。本試驗旨在探討飼糧添加蟲草米及菇類修整後下腳料（菇頭）對土雞生長與屠體性狀之影響。將供試之一日齡畜試土雞母12號雛雞共330隻分成5組，每處理3重複，公母各半，飼養期間分為育雛期（0－4週齡）、生長期（5－8週齡）及肥育期（9－16週齡）。試驗期飼糧處理分別為玉米－大豆粕基礎飼糧之對照組，三個處理組飼糧依序為基礎飼糧添加1%蟲草米、0.5%蟲草米+0.5%杏鮑菇菇頭及0.5%蟲草米+0.5%秀珍菇菇頭，四組飼糧中均不添加藥物；對照組於0－12週齡額外添加泰黴素（Tylosin）50ppm為第5組藥物對照組。試驗結果顯示，育雛期雞採食0.5%蟲草米+0.5%杏鮑菇菇頭之處理組較其他四組，可明顯提高日增重（P＜0.05）；在9－12週齡，土雞採食1%蟲草米與0.5%蟲草米+0.5%杏鮑菇菇頭處理組，較對照組與藥物組顯著提高日增重及改善飼料轉換率（P＜0.05）。綜合飼養全期，各組之土雞採食量相近，但餵飼1%蟲草米與0.5%蟲草米+0.5%杏鮑菇菇頭飼糧之雞隻，日增重明顯高於對照組（P＜0.05）；並以0.5%蟲草米+0.5%杏鮑菇菇頭飼料轉換率可顯著優於對照組（P＜0.05）。各處理組間對雞隻屠宰率、可食性內臟重量及胸肉與皮膚亮度、黃色值與紅色值等結果相近。採食0.5%蟲草米+0.5%杏鮑菇菇頭飼糧可明顯提高血液中IgG及抗氧化物之含量（P＜0.05）。綜上所述，飼糧添加1%菇類菇頭不影響屠宰率，添加0.5%蟲草米+0.5%杏鮑菇菇頭可顯著促進土雞生長、飼料轉換率及健康，具有取代抗生素應用之潛力。

關鍵字

蟲草米；生長性狀；屠體性狀；土雞；菇類

並列摘要

There is a worldwide movement to support antibiotic-free or reduced antibiotic usage in raising animals. Natural products that can be produced in commercial scale and low price are considered as alternatives to antibiotic applications for feed. Byproducts of mushrooms contain a lot of bioactive compounds and could be promising sources of novel feedstuff or additives. The study aimed to analyze the effects of adding Cordyceps militaris waste medium (CMWM) and mushroom stalk residues to diet for native chickens in terms of growth performance and carcass traits. A total of 330 one-day-old native chickens, half male half female, were randomly assigned into five groups, 22 chickens in a pen and three pens for each treatment and raised during the 0 to 16-wk-old. A corn-soybean meal basal diet was offered as control group. Other treatments were included CMWM only or CMWM mixed with Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PESR) or Pleurotus sajorcaju stalk residue (PSSR). Fifty ppm of tylosin 50 was added as positive control during the 0-12 wks-old feeding period. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results showed that addition of 0.5% CMWM + 0.5% PESR increased daily weight gain (P ＜ 0.05) during the 0-4 wks-old period. However, daily weight gain and feed conversion rate were improved (P ＜ 0.05) when chickens fed with the 1% CMWM only or 0.5% CMWM + 0.5% PESR group during the 9-12 wks-old period. In some of the total feeding period, supplementation 1% CMWM or 0.5% CMWM + 0.5% PESR groups were increased daily while 0.5% CMWM + 0.5% + PESR group showed better feed conversion ratio than the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Dressing percentages, weight of edible organs, lightness, red and yellow color of breast meat and skin were not affected by these diets. The chickens fed with CMWM + PESR diet had significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05) IgG and antioxidant content in blood. In conclusion, supplementation of 1% CMWM in diets could effectively improve the growth of native chickens. Meanwhile, due to the stronger improvement response, mixture of 0.5% CMWM and 0.5% PESR showed the synergistic effect, but the PSSR feeding effect in native chicken was not significantly improved.

並列關鍵字

Cordyceps militaris Waste medium ； Growth performance ； Carcass trait ； Native chicken ； Mushroom byproducts

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