不同處理對盤固草半乾青貯草中型膠膜包青貯品質之影響

本研究以盤固草為材料，調查不同乾物率、接種及貯放時間對中型膠膜捆包的發酵品質影響。處理包括低乾物率（上午調製－乾物率40%以下）及高乾物率（下午調製－乾物率40%以上）；對照（不接種）及接種（商業菌劑，Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei，2×10^8 cfu/kg），每種處理4個膠膜包，經短時間貯放（2個月）及長時間貯放（6個月）後比較其發酵表現。試驗結果顯示，各調查特性在接菌種與否、乾物量高低及貯存時間均存在顯著主效應。除乙酸含量外其餘各特性大多無顯著各別交感效應。接種可提高盤固草半乾青貯之乳酸／乙酸比及降低丁酸的發生，在低乾物率與高乾物率條件下，接種處理可以分別將乳酸／乙酸比平均值由2.8提高至7.3及由5.2提高至9.2；丁酸占總酸當量百分比則分別由6.4%降至0.7%及由1.4%降至0.5%，顯示接種處理可以獲得較佳的保存效果。由貯存時間的比較發現，貯放時間拉長至6個月，低乾物率下，對照處理（不接種）之乳酸／乙酸比由4.3降低至1.3，丁酸占總酸當量百分比由3.4%提高至9.3%，顯示貯放時間拉長，品質降低，但接種處理可降低不良發酵的程度。由本試驗結果，盤固草刈割後，經短時間萎凋將材料乾物率調整至35－65%間的發酵品質佳，如考量現場天氣的變動與田間作業彈性也可以直接進行膠膜包調製，但最好能接種乳酸菌，並儘早利用。中型膠膜包的直徑為90cm，膠膜包重量為160－200kg，乾物質量為原本直徑120cm乾草包的3－4成，對羊、鹿等小型草食動物的利用上更為方便，也減少因採食太少造成的品質劣變與乾物損失。

關鍵字

盤固草；半乾青貯；青貯品質

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dry matter content, inoculation and storage period on the quality of pangolagrass haylage in medium-size baled covered with plastic membranes. Each factor had two levels as fellows: low dry matter content (below 40%, haylage processing in the morning) vs. high dry matter content (above 40%, haylage processing in the afternoon); control (no inoculation) vs. inoculation (commercial inoculum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, 2 × 10^8 cfu/kg), and short-term storage (within 2 months) vs. long-term storage (6 months and above), for the comparison of fermentation performance. Each treatment processes 4 plastic membranes. The results showed that there was major significant effect regardless of the inoculation, the level of dry matter content, and storge time. There was no significantly individual interaction effect other than the acetic acid content. The inoculation treatment could increase the ratios of lactic acid/acetic acid and reduce the butyric acid contents of pangolagrass haylage. The lactic acid/acetic acid ratios of inoculation treatment increased from 2.8 to 7.3 and from 5.2 to 9.2, and the percentages of equivalent butyric acid in the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) decreased from 6.4% to 0.7% and from 1.4% to 0.5% under low dry matter and high dry matter rates, respectively. The inoculation treatment could achieve better preservation effect. From the comparison of storage period, the results showed that the lactic acid/acetic acid ratios of the control treatment (without inoculation) decreased from 4.3 to 1.3, and the percentages of equivalent butyric acid in the total VFA increased from 3.4% to 9.3% at low dry matter content 6 months after storage, respectively. The results indicated that the fermentation quality was reduced, while the inoculation treatment could reduce the degree of poor fermentation. According to the results, the fermentation quality of pangolagrass haylage in medium-size bale covered with plastic memberane was better when the dry matter content was adjusted to 35 - 65% after a short period of wilting. However, considering the changes of weather and the flexibility of hay processing, the grass could be wrapped directly after cutting. The lactic acid bacteria inoculation was recommended and used as soon as possible. The diameter of the medium-size haylage bale was 90 cm, and the weight of the whole bale was 160 - 200 kg, which was 30 - 40% of the original hay bales with diameter 120 cm. Haylage bales with such size were easier to be operated on small herbivore such as goat or deer farm for less lose on less feeding.

並列關鍵字

Pangolagrass ； Haylage ； Fermentation quality

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