黑絨烏骨雞之育成及推廣

Breeding and promotion of Black Velvet Silky chicken

蔡銘洋(Ming-Yang Tsai) ； 洪哲明(Che-Ming Hung) ； 林正鏞(Cheng-Yung Lin) ； 林義福(Yih-Fwu Lin) ； 林德育(Der-Yuh Lin) ； 鄭裕信(Yu-Shin Cheng) ； 洪國翔(Kuo-Hsiang Hung) ； 劉曉龍(Hsiao-Lung Liu)

《畜產研究》 56卷1期 (2023/03) Pp. 1-8

https://doi.org/10.6991/JTLR.202301_56(1).0001

摘要

本試驗挑選黑絨烏骨雞（Gallus gallus domesticus），進行外觀及產蛋性能選育，育成高產蛋率烏骨雞，提供產業特色化烏骨雞蛋生產。黑絨烏骨雞以小族群系譜選育的方式，選育高產蛋之黑絨烏骨雞，繁殖新世代。雞隻於16週齡進行雞隻外觀與體重檢定，母雞上籠收集初產蛋重、初產體重、達40週齡產蛋數、40週齡平均蛋重及40週齡體重。另公雞16週齡體重需達族群公雞平均體重以上，列入候選之種公雞上雞籠飼養。試驗選育11個世代總計檢定公雞1,528隻與母雞2,237隻。第11世代（G11）檢定結果，公雞與母雞16週齡平均體重分別為1,667 g與1,253 g。產蛋性能測定結果，母雞平均初產日齡、初產蛋重、初產體重、40週齡體重、40週齡平均蛋重及達40週齡產蛋數分別為142日、29.7 g、1,596 g、2,111 g、45.1 g及102枚，至G11代達40週齡產蛋數表型值累計改進量達32個，育種價估值由G1代0.26提升至G11代24.2，其G11代之40週齡產蛋數遺傳值累計改進量估值達23.9枚，40週齡蛋殼顏色的亮度（以L*值表示）、紅色度（以a*值表示）及黃色度（以b*值表示）平均分別為76.9、7.0及19.6，蛋形係數為75.1%、蛋殼強度3.4 kg/cm^2及蛋殼厚度0.33 mm，可提供產業種母雞產蛋性能改良之母系烏骨雞或蛋肉兼用種烏骨雞。

關鍵字

產蛋性能 ； 選育 ； 烏骨雞

並列摘要

In this experiment, appearance and egg production performance of black velvet silky chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were selected to breed the high egg production silky chicken strain for industrial production of eggs of black silky chickens. Black silky chickens were pedigree selected and bred in a small population. The birds had individual wing tags and kept reproducing new generations of high egg production silky chickens. The egg weight and body weight at the first egg, and the number of eggs laid, the average egg weight and body weight at 40 weeks of age were collected. The body weight of males over the average weight of the population at 16 weeks of age was required. A total of 1,528 males and 2,237 females were tested for 11 generations. In generation 11 (G11), the results showed that the average body weight of males and females at 16 weeks of age was 1,667 and 1,253 g, respectively. The results of egg production performance showed that the age, egg weight and body weight at the first egg were 142 days, 29.7 g and 1,596 g, respectively. The body weight, average egg weight and egg number at 40 weeks of age were 2,111 g, 45.1 g and 102, respectively. In G11, at 40 weeks of age, the phenotypic cumulative value of egg production number was 32. Breeding value was increased from 0.26 of G1 to 24.2 of G11. The estimated improvement of cumulative genetic value of egg production number in G11 of 40 weeks of age was 23.9. The eggshell color L* value, a* value and b* average values were 76.9, 7.0 and 19.6, respectively. Egg shape index, eggshell strength and eggshell thickness were 75.1%, 3.4 kg/cm^2 and 0.33 mm, respectively. The black velvet silky chickens can provide for the improvement of laying performance of silky chickens in the industry.

並列關鍵字

Egg production performance ； Selection and breeding ； Silky chicken