臺灣養豬畜牧業溫室氣體減量潛力評估與基線方法學排放係數之探討

以環保署溫室氣體抵換專案有關廢水處理回收甲烷之方法學，利用廢水經厭氧消化處理產生之甲烷排放的計算評估，開發養豬畜牧業沼氣回收再利用的溫室氣體減量額度，在臺灣不易推動，其原因之一是專案的開發耗時且多量的監測參數墊高開發成本。因此，本研究針對本土養豬畜牧業之減碳潛力進行評估，同時根據標準基線方法學之原則，設計可供本土養豬畜牧業者評估其減量額度開發潛力所需的簡易評估工具，並分析本土化養豬畜牧業之豬隻甲烷排放係數（以二氧化碳當量，CO_2e表示）。本研究與三家養豬畜牧場合作，執行採樣分析並採用聯合國小規模clean development mechanism（CDM）方法學AMS.III.H.及理想氣體方程式等二種方法推估排放係數。彰化牧場的廢水是最具有二氧化碳減量潛勢，減量額度為14,000 ± 4,280 t CO_2e/year。評估各牧場豬隻甲烷排放係數（以二氧化碳當量，CO_2e表示），彰化、雲林、屏東分別為305 ± 93.1、352 ± 169、122 ± 34.5 kg CO_2e/head/year。本研究提出以厭氧池出流水化學需氧量（Chemical oxygen demand, COD）移除率≧80%和LV值（COD值與處理廢水量的乘積再除上豬隻頭數）介於100－300 g/day/head二項條件，作為判斷養豬場的廢水相關數據是否具備可用性之原則。本研究結果對臺灣豬隻甲烷排放係數的本土值建議為346 ± 32.2 kg CO_2e/head/year。

關鍵字

養豬畜牧廢水；溫室氣體抵換專案；甲烷排放係數；沼氣；標準基線

並列摘要

The Taiwan EPA has launched the greenhouse gas (GHG) offset projects to facilitate the reduction of GHG emissions. However, it is difficult to promote the GHG offset project for biogas recovery destruction and/or reuse in the pig husbandry. One of the reasons is cost-intensive and time-consuming during the project development. Thus, the study was aimed at investigating the GHG reduction potential of the domestic pig husbandry and developing a simple evaluation guideline of the GHG reduction potential based on the principles of the standardized baseline methodology. The domestic methane emission factor based on the manure management was evaluated using the UN small-scale clean development mechanism (CDM) methodology AMS.III.H. and the ideal gas equation, respectively. Experiments were conducted in three pig farms located in Changhua, Yunlin, and Pingtung. It was found that the Changhua pig farm had the highest potential of the GHG emission reduction, which was estimated to be 14,000 ± 4280 t CO_2e/year. The methane emission factor of Changhua, Yunlin, and Pingtung was determined to be 305 ± 93.1, 352 ± 169, and 122 ± 34.5 kg CO_2e/head/year, respectively. The overall COD removal efficiency of anaerobic digesters must be greater than 80% and a LV value (the product of COD values and wastewater flow rates) must be in the range of 100-300 g/head/day were proposed as the essential criteria to justify the availability of the data of the piggery wastewater. As a result, the domestic methane emission factor was recommended to be 346 ± 32.2 kg CO_2e/head/year, which is consistent with that determined by Su and Chen (2018) where the factor was 14.4 kgCH_4/head/year, corresponding to 360 kg CO_2e/head/year.

並列關鍵字

Piggery wastewater ； Greenhouse gas (GHG) offset project ； Methane emission factor ； Biogas ； Standardized baselines

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