人的尊严规范地位的反思与检讨—基于德国宪法学说和司法实践的分析

Rethinking and Reviewing the Normative Status of Human Dignity-Based on the Analysis of German Constitutional Doctrine and Judicial Practice

王进文(Wang Jinwen)

《人权研究》 7期 (2021/12) Pp. 70-88

摘要

人的尊严是当代法学研究的重要命题，尊重与保护人的尊严也成为现代社会的基本共识。我国已然认识到人的尊严的重要性，逐渐形成了建构以人的尊严为价值基础的法治秩序的自觉，但存在语境隔阂、经验缺位与视角局限等问题。以德国宪法学说与典型司法判决中关于人的尊严的论述为切入点，通过对其概念内涵、规范性质与法律适用等争议的梳理，有针对性地提出以社会承认理论确定人的尊严概念的规范内涵，赋予其基本权利性质，矫正人的尊严保护的绝对性，既有助于使其在我国法秩序中获得优先性保障，又不至于排除其他价值。只有建构具有开放性、正当性和可操作性的人的尊严体系，才能对宪法秩序的维护、基本权利的保障和共同体的发展提供指引，实现对人的尊严的全面尊重与完整保护。

關鍵字

人的尊严 ； 宪法规范 ； 德国基本法 ； 基本权利 ； 规范实践

並列摘要

Human dignity is an important proposition in contemporary legal studies, and it has become a basic consensus in modern society to respect and protect human dignity. China has already recognized the importance of human dignity and has gradually formed a consciousness of constructing a rule of law order based on the value of human dignity, but there are problems such as contextual barriers, lack of experience and limited perspectives. Taking the discourse on human dignity in German constitutional doctrine and typical judicial decisions as an entry point, and by sorting out the controversies over its connotation, normative nature and legal application, we purposefully propose that the normative connotation of the concept of human dignity be determined by the theory of social recognition, giving human dignity the nature of a fundamental right and rectifying the absolute nature of human dignity protection, which will not only help to give priority protection to human dignity in our legal order, but also not to exclude other values. Only by constructing a system of human dignity that is open, legitimate and operational can it provide guidance for the maintenance of the constitutional order, the guarantee of fundamental rights and the development of the community, and achieve full respect for and complete protection of human dignity.

並列關鍵字

human dignity ； constitutional norms ； German Basic Law ； fundamental rights ； normative practice