强制性人权尽责立法的考量因素与类型化研究

Research on the Considerations and Typology of Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence Legislation

唐颖侠(Tang Yingxia)

《人权研究》 8期 (2022/03) Pp. 39-62

摘要

《工商企业与人权：实施联合国“保护、尊重和补救”框架指导原则》在2011年得到联合国人权理事会核可后成为工商业与人权领域的核心国际“软法”文件，其中人权尽责是该指导原则第二个支柱“企业尊重人权责任”的核心要求。实践中，企业并未很好地遵守该指导原则和人权尽责的要求，导致人权侵犯事件甚至悲剧时有发生，这凸显了“软法”机制的局限性。近年来，欧美发达国家兴起了一场通过国内立法要求企业强制性人权尽责的运动，这些法律使得上述指导原则在国家层面由“软”变“硬”，具有了强制执行力。对已有强制性人权尽责立法的类型化分析有助于比较研究各国立法的适用范围和核心义务，预测其发展趋势和影响。

關鍵字

强制性人权尽责 ； 立法 ； 类型化

並列摘要

The ＂Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations 'Protect, Respect and Remedy' Framework＂ became a core international ＂soft law＂ document in the field of business and human rights after being approved by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2011. Human rights due diligence is a central requirement of the second pillar ＂the corporate responsibility to respect human rights＂ of the Guiding Principles. In practice, enterprises have not complied well with the Guiding Principles and the requirements of human rights due diligence, leading to human rights violations and even tragedies, which highlights the limitations of the ＂soft law＂ mechanism. In recent years, a movement has emerged in developed countries in Europe and the United States to require mandatory human rights due diligence for enterprises through domestic legislation. These laws have hardened the Guiding Principles and made them enforceable at the national level. A typological analysis of existing mandatory human rights due diligence legislation can help to comparatively study the similarities and differences in the scope of application and core obligations of the legislation of various countries, and predict its development trend and impact.

並列關鍵字

mandatory human rights due diligence ； legislation ； typology