从信息权利到信息人权：法理证成与分层建构

信息权利或数据权利属于新型权利，不少学者希望将这些权利纳入人权范围，并宣称这些权利即将成为“第四代人权”。随着权利泛化现象日益普遍，警惕权利泛化的思潮逐渐兴起，防止人权泛化的观点也获得较多支持。个人信息权利无法简单地、直接地上升为信息人权，否则权利与人权将没有任何差别。人权具有独立的法理证成模式，它不是一蹴而就的口号或宣言。信息权利的属性、结构与人权有较大的差异，由信息权利上升至国际普遍认可的信息人权还需若干前置条件。我们需以法理视野论证信息人权证成的各类范式，分析信息权利与人权的衔接方式。信息人权初步成立时，应论证其在人权谱系中的代际地位，并探索传统人权如何对新型信息权利进行兼容、吸收、合并、更新，最后以利益博弈与道德品格视角对信息人权谱系进行分层建构研究。

關鍵字

信息权利；人权；信息人权；证成范式；分层建构

並列摘要

The information right is a new type of right, and many scholars hope to bring it into the scope of human rights and declare that it will soon become one of the ＂fourth generation of human rights＂. As the phenomenon of right generalization becomes more and more common, the trend of thought to guard against rights generalization has risen gradually, and the view of preventing human rights generalization has also gained more support. The personal information right cannot be simply and directly elevated to the information human right, otherwise there is no difference between rights and human rights. Human rights have an independent legal justification model, and they are not a slogan or declaration that can be achieved overnight. The attribute and structure of the information right are quite different from human rights. The rise from the information right to the internationally recognized information human right still needs several preconditions. We need to demonstrate various paradigms of the information human right from the perspective of legal theory and analyze the connection between the information right and human rights. When the information human right is initially established, its intergenerational status in the human rights genealogy should be argued, and how traditional human rights can be compatible, absorbed, merged and updated to the new information right should be explored, and finally, a hierarchical construction study of the information human right genealogy should be conducted from the perspective of benefit-gambling and moral character.

並列關鍵字

information right ； human rights ； information human right ； justification paradigm ； hierarchical construction

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