全球人权治理的现实困境、理念分歧与中国方案

全球人权治理并非如何治理人权，而是以人权为价值目标和行为准则的全球治理。当前，全球人权治理结构性困境日益凸显：全球人权治理出现规范失衡、机制失序、人权异化以及公平困局等问题。就如何推进全球人权治理改革，国际社会存在理念、制度和道路之争，这包括自由主义和发展主义权利观的理论分野、人权普遍性与特殊性的模式争论、多边主义与单边主义的路径分歧、对话合作与政治对抗的思维对立、尊重主权与超越主权的矛盾对峙。中国应该以人类命运共同体为基本理念整体推进全球人权治理。在具体路径上，以发展主义人权观重塑国际人权话语体系，在多元主义基础上推进国际人权规范的包容发展，以代表权和话语权为切入点来完善国际人权机构民主治理，以对话合作原则来推动国际人权机制运行逻辑的转变，通过积极的制度互动来增强国际人权机制治理的实效性，以辅助性原则来协调国际监督与国家主权平衡。

關鍵字

全球治理；人权；人类命运共同体

並列摘要

Global governance should regard human rights as the value objective and the code of conduct. At present, the structural dilemma of global governance in human rights has become increasingly growing, such as the imbalance of norms development, the disorder of mechanism development, the alienation and politicization of human rights and the dilemma of fairness in system. Regarding how to advance the reform of human rights system in global governance, the international community also has disputes over concepts, systems and paths. These include the theoretical differences between liberalism and developmentalism, the model disputes between universality and particularity of human rights, the path differences between multilateralism and unilateralism, the ideological opposition between dialogue and cooperation and political confrontation, and the contradiction between respecting sovereignty and transcending sovereignty. In the future, China should reshape the international human rights discourse system with the developmentalist view of rights, promote the inclusive development of international human rights norms on the basis of pluralism, improve the democratic governance in international human rights institutions by increasing the voice of developing countries, promote the transformation of the operation logic of the international human rights mechanism with the principle of dialogue and cooperation, enhance effective governance of global human rights mechanism through active institutional interaction, and keep the balance between international supervision and state sovereignty by the principle of subsidiarity.

並列關鍵字

global governance ； human rights ； a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

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