以訴訟標的金額或價額徵收裁判費之研究

Study on the Referee Fees by the Amount or Price of the Suing Subject

何福居(Fu-Chu Ho) ； 姚其聖(Chi-Sheng Yau)

《真理財經法學》 18期 (2017/03) Pp. 124+126-159

摘要

本文檢視現行起訴前徵收「裁判費」之制度設計理由：防止當事人濫行起訴或上訴、減少權利義務之爭執、督促義務人履行義務、利用法院之對價及可減少國庫開支等，因事涉徵收裁判費是對人民權利之侵害，是否符合憲法第16條保障人民訴訟權與第23條比例原則之要求。為檢討此一制度設計之合憲性及必要性，本文以基本權限制問題之審查的三個步驟、動態的行為科學的法律經濟分析及訴訟要件解釋論等研究途徑，檢視我國現行民事訴訟裁判費徵收之合憲性，及政策立法目的合理性問題。本文認為這種起訴前徵收「裁判費」以量論價的徵收方式，從比較法的觀點言，似有可商榷之處，建議為保障人民訴訟權利，降低使用法院之成本，宜修正現行起訴前依訴訟標的金額價額徵收裁判費之規定，並提出便利人民使用法院解決紛爭之階段性修法建議，有助於法治國家的建立。

關鍵字

裁判費 ； 基本權問題審查三階層理論 ； 法律經濟分析 ； 訴訟 ； 要件解釋論 ； 保障人民訴訟權 ； 法治國家 ； 合憲性

並列摘要

This article examines the system design grounds for collecting the ＂Referee Fee＂ before the current prosecution: to prevent people from indulging in litigation or appeals, reducing disputes over rights and obligations, supervising obligors to perform their obligations, using the court's consideration and reducing the expenses of the treasury, the collection of Referee Fees is a violation of the people's power, whether in line with the Constitution, Article 16 of the people's right to sue and Article 23 of the proportion of the principle requirements. In order to review the constitutionality and necessity of this system design, this article examines the current civil litigation in China, including the three steps of the review of the basic right, the legal and economic analysis of the dynamic behavioral science and the interpretation of the litigation, the Referee Fee collection of the constitutionality and the rationality of the purpose of policy legislation. This paper argues that the prosecution before the collection of ＂Referee Fee＂ to the amount of price, from a comparative point of view, there is arguable place. In this proposal, in order to protect the people's litigation rights and reduce the cost of using the court, it is necessary to revise the provisions of the current litigation standard, and make suggestions to facilitate the people to use the court to resolve the dispute, which will help the establishment of the rule of law.

並列關鍵字

Referee Fee ； the three steps of the review of the basic right ； the legal and economic analysis of the dynamic behavioral science ； the interpretation of the litigation ； protect the people's litigation rights ； the rule of law ； collection of the constitutionality