統治者作為與平埔族文化認同：以西拉雅族為核心

Rulers Actions of and the Plains Indigenous Peoples' Culture Identity: Focus on Siraya People

辛年豐(Shin, Nian-Feng)

《玄奘法律學報》 34期 (2020/12) Pp. 39-99

摘要

歷史上臺灣存有許多不同民族，許多民族至今已然消逝，也有部分族群目前尚有一絲氣息。究竟為何有些族群會消失？在這過程中強勢的統治者扮演何等角色？過往的歷史對當今的原住民族能帶來何等啟示？這些問題都值得吾人進一步研究。本文以法律史作為研究方法，集中觀察歷史上存在於嘉南平原的西拉雅族，發現不同時期的統治者前後剝奪了西拉雅族的土地及透過戶籍制度結合社會歧視的結構性力量，使族群邁向衰亡。此一現象在進入民主轉型之後雖有趨緩，但在法律制度及社會觀念有根本改變前仍有警覺之必要，在當代講求多文化、多民族國家的立憲主義國家前提下更有全面檢討並不再因襲過往制度，緩和國家高權過度介入，以避免現在的原住民族重蹈西拉雅族歷史之覆輒。

關鍵字

原住民族身分 ； 平埔族 ； 西拉雅族 ； 文化認同 ； 戶口制度 ； 原族民族土地 ； 統治者

並列摘要

Taiwan has many indigenous peoples in history, a lot of peoples had been disappeared, at the same time, also have some people exist in this island, but these peoples are facing extinction. Why did some peoples disappear? In this context, what role do rulers play? The histories bring what enlightenments for state and indigenous peoples in contemporary? This article wants to discuss these questions. This article takes the legal history as research approach, focus on the Siraya people who live in south of Taiwan. I found the different rulers have different governance tools to manage this people in different period. In short, Qing dynasty focus on land policy, and Japan government focus on population policy. The countries' legal systems and policies combine with the discrimination from social domain let Siraya culture disappear quickly. Although this phenomenon slow down after democracy transition, but we still need to deal these affairs carefully before legal system and social conception change fundamentally. Especially, when we pay attention to multiculturalism and multiethnic in constitutionalism conception, we should review the legal system comprehensively, and do not follow the current institution, alleviate the intervention from states. If we can attain the suggestions this article proposes, we can insure indigenous peoples development forever in Taiwan society.

並列關鍵字

Status of Indigenous Peoples ； Plains Indigenous Peoples ； Siraya ； Identity ； Registered Residence ； Indigenous Peoples' Land ； Ruler