潮州方言“佇”的功能及其演化

The Function and Evolution of Zhu in Chaozhou Dialect

洪妍(Yan Hong) ； 林華勇(Huayong Lin)

《中國語文通訊》 101卷2期 (2022/07) Pp. 61-78

https://doi.org/10.29499/CrCL.202207_101(2).0002

摘要

潮州方言的“佇_在”可作動詞、介詞、副詞和語氣詞。語氣詞“佇”表達申明事態持續或申明情況超出預期的語氣，與普通話句末“呢”的部分句法功能相對應。“佇”的語氣詞用法由位於句末的介賓結構“佇塊”演化而來，其語法化路徑與唐代出現的語氣詞“在”相類似。“佇”在演變過程中，通過“變音”手段區分不同的語義或功能。

關鍵字

潮州方言 ； “佇” ； “呢” ； 語氣詞 ； 語法化

並列摘要

In Chaozhou dialect, besides functioning as a verb, the word zhu also serves as preposition, adverb and sentence-final particle, expressing affirmation of continuity of events or situations exceeding expectations, which corresponds to part of the syntactic function of ne at the end of a sentence in Mandarin. The usage of the sentence-final particle of zhu evolves from the preposition structure zhu kuai at the end of the sentence, and its grammatical path is similar to that of the sentence-final particle zai which appeared in the Tang Dynasty. In the process of the evolution of zhu, different semantic functions are distinguished by means of phonetics change.

並列關鍵字

Chaozhou dialect ； zhu ； ne ； sentence-final particle ； grammaticalization

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