At present, the gradual increase of global temperature has brought a series of ecological and environmental problems. In the face of global warming, countries all over the world are taking positive actions to save energy and reduce emissions. As an active promoter and practitioner of energy conservation and emission reduction, China is constantly exploring to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization. Farmland ecosystem is the main part of terrestrial ecosystem. Its carbon source and carbon sink are of great significance in regulating farmland soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction. This paper points out the main measures affecting carbon emission and carbon sink increase in farmland ecosystem, which has guiding significance for China to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization as soon as possible.