船舶碰撞管轄之研究

涉外海事訴訟管轄之內涵是指國家依據國際法有權運用法律，行使審判權的資格，其權利來自國家的主權。1952年統一船舶碰撞中民事管轄方面若干規則國際公約第一條對船舶碰撞...等及管轄均有明確的規範，我國與大陸地區有關管轄之規定都受其影響。世界各國對於國際民商事案件之管轄，目前還沒有形成一個統一的管轄權制度，確定自己的涉外司法管轄權，都是由各主權國家根據其內國法而來。國際社會確定國際民商事管轄案件的一般原則，有屬人原則、屬地原則、最低關聯性原則、合意管轄（協議管轄）原則、應訴管轄原則、專屬管轄原則、物之所在地的訴訟管轄、債之訴訟管轄等，大陸地區與我國船舶碰撞管轄之原則亦源自於此。大陸地區天津法院審理巴拿馬籍「易迅輪」與「延安輪」發生船舶碰撞管轄案，為外國船舶於公海上發生碰撞之情形，首先天津法院經由1952年《船舶碰撞中民事管轄權方面若干規定的國際公約》第一條第一項「扣船取得管轄權原則的承認」規定，再根據內國法最高人民法院《關於訴訟前扣押船舶的具體規定》第六條第一款、大陸民事訴訟法第三十一條、最高人民法院關於適用中華人民共和國海事訴訟特別程序法若干問題解釋第一條而取得管轄權。

關鍵字

船舶碰撞；海事仲裁；海事訴訟；管轄；調解

並列摘要

The control of admiralty proceedings concerning foreign affairs refers to a nation who is entitled to exercise jurisdiction in accordance with international law. Its right comes from the sovereignty of the nation. Some regulations are clearly written in International Convention on Certain Rules Concerning civil jurisdiction in Matters of Collision, 1952. It impacts the jurisdiction between Taiwan and China. In the international society, the determination of international jurisdiction on civil and commercial affairs is normally subject to the principle of Lex Personalisi, the principle of lex Loci, the principle of lowest correlation, the principle of consensual Jurisdiction, the principle of tacitly consensual Jurisdiction, etc... The juridical principle on ship collision occurred between Taiwan and China is based on this. Tientsin Court of China judged the ship collision case of vessel ＂Trade Qukdr＂ and vessel ＂Yanan＂ both registered in Panama based on a condition that foreign ships collided on the high seas. The court got the jurisdiction according to the principle of Article 1 of International Convention on Certain Rules Concerning civil jurisdiction in Matters of Collision, 1952, to get the juridical acknowledgement by arresting ships, as well as the regulations stipulated in item 1 of Article 6 of ＂Specific regulations on arresting ships before the proceedings＂ issued by The Highest People Count of domestic law.

並列關鍵字

Shop Collision ； Maritime Arbitration ； Maritime Litigation ； Jurisdiction ； Mediation

國際替代計量

船舶碰撞管轄之研究

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