Innovation Analysis of Market Competition

市場競爭之創新分析

吳嘉生(Chia-Sheng Wu)

《致理法學》 5期 (2009/03) Pp. 147-190

摘要

Market competition is a normal phenomenal under an innovation market. It is for the interests of consumer protection and will focus on innovation market analysis under competition policy. What are the reasons? It is mainly because competition laws presumably mandate intervention to preserve the existence and development of 'fair competition'. It is necessary to explore the innovation market analysis under rapid development of technology. This article is to use 'market competition' as an example to study competition principle utilized in the innovation market analysis. Therefore, the focal point of this article is on the contents of market competition. There are, however, many ways to analyze market competition; this article will use a modern (post-Chicago School) way to examine it. In order to achieve this goal, the article, first of all, explains this economic implication of market competition, which will necessarily focus on the economic efficiency of market competition and economic performance under the method of market function analysis. Certainly, the article further examines the relationship between the innovation market and market competition. Then, this article introduces the framework of innovation analysis. And thereafter, the author will make some concluding remarks, which indicate that innovation analysis should relate to an existing product market, and therefore innovation analysis is part of, or at least a supplement to, a prospective competition analysis of that market. Furthermore, in order to analyze market competition in that innovation process, and to predict future effects, the article points out that innovation conditions must be reasonably transparent and foreseeable. Finally, this article also mentions that an innovation market analysis may include assessment of negative effects that relate more directly to the innovation process, that is, lessened incentives and lowered effectiveness.

關鍵字

Competition Law ； Market Competition ； Market structure ； Marketing Function ； Innovation Market ； Innovation Market Analysis

並列摘要

在一個創新市場下，市場競爭是一個正常的現象。它也是為了在消費者的利益考量下，所難以避免的以競爭原則作為創新市場分析的核心。何以如此呢？這是因為競爭法原本就假定為了保留「公平市場」的生存與發展，適當與適時地「介入」或許有其必要；特別是在面對工業技術的急速發展之下，要如何地適用創新市場分析更是有探討之必要。本文即是以「市場競爭」為例來試圖以創新市場分析之方法來研究以競爭原則為手段之市場競爭之內容。易言之，本文之重心乃是放在「市場競爭」的內容方面之分析。而分析市場競爭之方法不一而足，作者乃是以「創新分析」作為主要之研究方法。為了要完成這樣的目標，本文首先解釋了市場競爭的經濟蘊涵，那就是有必要地以市場競爭的經濟效益，及市場結構下的經濟表現為核心，其次，本文探討了市場功能分析的方法。第三，本文更進一步檢視了創新市場與市場競爭之間的關係。然後，本文才引進了創新分析之架構，最後作者方才作出一些結論釋評。在結論的部分，作者提出以下幾個觀點供參考：創新分析必然與現存生產市場相關連。因此，創新必然是未來的那個競爭市場之一部分，或是補充的一部分。更進一步而言，為了作出創新過程中的競爭分析，以及對於未來效益的預測，本文特別指出競爭條件必須具備合理地透明化與可預測性。最後，本文也提及一個創新市場之分析，將會涵蓋對於有關於創新過程負面效果的評估，也就是指降低誘因與減低效果。

並列關鍵字

競爭法 ； 市場競爭 ； 市場架構 ； 市場功能 ； 創新市場 ； 創新市場分析