“公民基督徒”与基督教的中国化问题

基督教信仰方式所具有的内在团契及其与外在社会环境间所形成的独特张力，一定程度上使得基督教在当代中国社会的快速发展。但是，这种张力的延伸及其变异，促使了国人以为类似于基督教这样的“制度宗教”不利于国家认同等观念的产生，唯有“扩散宗教”才能适应于中国社会，从而构成了当代基督教的所谓“中国化”问题。与此同时，在当代中国宗教间、中国宗教与社会之间，因为缺乏公共互动的社会空间与理性能力，缺乏一种公民的、公共信仰认同方式，从而使中国基督徒的身份、职业、教育等背景难与其应得的公民身份结合，一构成公民的信仰方式，不断融入于其信仰的社会践行过程中，以其公民的身份来表达和规范其个人的宗教信仰，让个体信仰成为某种社会层面的共识与认同。换言之，基督教中国化的核心问题，应当在于基督教信仰的公民表达方式与期信仰如何得到公共认同之间的整合问题，而非汉族化、国家化或政治化的中国化路径。只有当中国的基督教获得了一种公共信仰方式、基督徒获得了其应有的公民信仰身份及其时，其与中国社会之间的张力才会得意消解。

關鍵字

基督教；公民信仰方式；社会认同

並列摘要

The unique tension between Christian internal fellowship and external environment, to a certain extent, making the rapid development of Christianity in contemporary Chinese society. But the extension of this tension also led to the concept that institutional religions are not conducive to national identity，thus also constitute the problem of the indigenization of contemporary Christianity. There is a lack of public interaction space in China's religious belief systems, therefore need to construct a public faith way. Christian background, such as identity, profession and education, combined with their faith way, and were integrated into the faith practice. So we should use citizenship to express and regulate personal religious beliefs, let personal faith becomes the consensus and identity of a social level. The core issue of the Christian indigenization is the integration between the citizen of the Christian faith and the public identity, the social role transformation of China's Christianity will happen, when it won the identity of citizens' faith and the way of their faith.