信仰与理性之圆融及其张力：基督教“信仰”观探微

广义基督教的发展经历了从犹太教、早期基督教（天主教）到基督新教的历史流变。在这一过程中，不同时期不同教徒虽都对上帝怀有信仰，但考察其信仰的内在方式却能发现有所不同，同时，对“上帝在其信仰中如何存在”这一问题的答案也各有其异。针对这两个问题，本文分析了基督教内在的信仰与理性关系，同时分析了信仰观念在基督新教对“世俗生活”的强调中的进一步发展，并以犹太教未经省察的“信仰”精神作为比较对象，试图勾画出基督教“信仰”观念中信仰与理性之冲突如何圆融，又如何产生了强大的张力，这一张力在世俗生活中如何持续地产生着效应，以及在犹太教、早期基督教、基督新教之历史发展中“上帝”位置发生的转移。

關鍵字

基督教；新教；犹太教；信仰；上帝观

並列摘要

The development of Christianity in the broadest sense has gone through a historical transition from Judaism and early Christianity (Catholicism) to Protestantism. During this process, although different believers at different times had faith in God, they found different ways of internalizing their faith and different answers to the question "How does God exist in their faith? In response to these two questions, this paper analyzes the relationship between faith and reason within Christianity, and the further development of the concept of faith in the Protestant Christian emphasis on "secular life," using the unexamined spirit of "faith" in Judaism as a comparative object. We also analyze the further development of the concept of faith in the Protestant Christian emphasis on "secular life. The shift in the position of "God" in the historical development of Judaism, early Christianity, and Protestantism.