傳統木工榫接的參數化製造流程初探

Preliminary Study on the Parametric Manufacturing Process of Traditional Woodworking Tenon

林庭仲(Ting-Chung Lin)

《ICFXD 2021 未來X設計國際學術研討會論文集》 2021 (2021/10) Pp. b14-05-1-11

https://doi.org/10.29673/ICFXD.202110.0014

摘要

參數化設計應用於木構建築討論中，多為自由形體模型模擬及結構運算，較少運用於木材構築（接合方式）上。有別於形體模擬完才考慮木材接合方式的流程，本研究嘗試以參數化軟體Grasshopper來建置可快速調整之木榫結構模組，藉此探討數位化的木榫製作流程並應用於已知的結構系統上並與其他參數化木構築的製作流程做對比。參考Kanasaki and Tanaka（2013）的論文提出日本傳統榫卯的參數化方法進行優化，並延伸探討國內常見大跨度榫接型式，在模擬不同型態榫頭時無需重新編寫程式架構。本研究分三階段探討傳統細木作及大木作的榫接方式與分類。第一階段將榫頭類型、接合方式與分割規則等變數建立參數化模型；第二階段以3D列印模型檢討木榫模組接合的順序與方向，並藉此討論材料公差對應榫接面的摩擦力關係；第三階段以機械手臂實際加工木材，以六軸運行方式將複雜曲面榫頭實際製作完成，藉此將木材材質與紋理對榫接方式的關係回饋至參數模型。本研究彙整15種常見木榫構造，以可幾何調整轉換的類型分類完成分類一表格；藉上述分類繪製四種參數化模型及3D列印物件；最終完成一種木榫接頭的加工。於3D軟體內檢視木榫的設計、加工、預組裝等流程並進行簡易模型組立，相對於傳統木榫於製作上需重複檢驗與修正更節省設計與製作時間。本研究嘗試提出一種以參數化模擬與數位製造整合的木榫構造的製造流程並應用於桁架結構系統上。

關鍵字

木構造 ； 木榫接合型式 ； 參數化設計 ； 機械手臂

並列摘要

Parametric design is used in the discussion of wood construction, mostly for free-form model simulation and structural computation, and less often for timber build (jointing method). In contrast to the process of considering the wood mortise joint form method after the free-form model simulation, this study attempts to use the parametric software Grasshopper to build a fast-adjustable wood mortise structure module to discuss and compare the integration of the wood mortise digitalization process with the parametric free-form timber build in form-finding. Regarding a paper by Kanasak and Tanaka (2013) raising the parametric optimization of Japanese traditional mortise and tenon, and extending it to explore the common domestic large-span joint forms, it is not necessary to re-program and code the framework when simulating different types of mortise and tenon. This study is divided into three stages to investigate traditional joinery, carpentry joint form, and classification. In the first stage, the variables of the tenon type, joining method, and segmentation rule are parametrically modeled; in the second stage, the sequence and orientation of the wood mortise module joints are reviewed using 3D printed models, and the frictional relationship between the material tolerances and the joggling surfaces will be discussed. In the third stage, the timber is worked by a robotic arm, and the complex surface tenon is produced in a 6-joint run approach so that the relationship between the wood mortise joint form and grainy texture of the tenon can be fed back to the parametric model. This study aggregates 15 common wood mortise structures to complete a table of classifications based on the types of geometrically adjustable conversions; through the above classification, four parametric models and 3D printed objects were created; finally, a wood mortise and tenon joint was processed. The 3D software allows you to view the design, processing, and pre-assembly of tenons and to assemble a simple model, which saves design and production time compared to traditional tenons that require repeated testing and correction. This study attempts to propose a manufacturing process that integrates parametric simulation and digital fabrication integration for wood mortise structure.

並列關鍵字

Timber build ； Wood mortise joint forms ； Parametric design ； Robotic arm