父母早期親職行為與中老年期心理福祉：對成年子女成就評價的影響機制

Effect of Parents' Early Parenting Behavior on Their Psychological Well-being at Middle and Old Age: The Mediating Effect of Adult Children Achievement Appraisal

林姿慎(Tzu-Shen Lin) ； 林如萍(Ju-Ping Lin)

《老年學研究》 2期 (2023/04) Pp. 57-88

https://doi.org/10.29703/JGS.202304_(2).0003

摘要

本研究考量華人社會的孝道文化脈絡，串聯父母早期的親職行為與代間關係，剖析家庭發展歷程中，教養、代間關係與父母心理福祉的關聯機制。運用「臺灣青少年歷程」（Taiwan Youth Project, TYP）資料庫，使用2000年、2002年及2019年三波家長樣本長期追蹤資料，共1349人，探討父母在子女青少年期的親職行為對其中老年的心理福祉影響，進一步，分析父母對成年子女的成就滿意度的中介效果。主要結果：（一）父母早期的親職行為對其中老年心理福祉雖無直接影響，但會透過對成年子女的成就滿意度間接影響心理福祉，且不同內涵的親職行為對子女成就滿意度及中老年父母心理福祉的影響機制不同。（二）父母對成年子女的成就滿意度與其中老年心理福祉顯著關聯，對成年子女的成就越滿意，心理福祉越高，顯示出華人家庭中代間關係的「榮親」意涵。（三）父母早期親職行為、對子女成年後的成就滿意度，及中老年階段的心理福祉，三者之間存在關聯且顯現出性別差異。整體而言，父母早期親職行為對其中老年心理福祉的影響，體現出孝道文化下「榮親」與「代間反饋」模式，父母教養投入，伴隨子女長成，父母對子女成就的期許與評價，代表中老年父母對為人父母角色的回顧，任務圓滿完成的欣慰則展現於中老年階段的心理福祉。

關鍵字

親職行為 ； 心理福祉 ； 中老年父母 ； 代間關係 ； 對子女的成就滿意度

並列摘要

In consideration of the culture of filial piety in ethnic Chinese society, this study investigated the association between parents' early parenting behavior and intergenerational relationships to examine the relationship between parenting, intergenerational relationship, and parents' psychological well-being in the process of family development. Data were obtained from the Taiwan Youth Project (TYP). Long-term parent-sample follow-up data from 1349 persons were collected across 2000, 2002, and 2019. The results are as follows: (1) Parents' early parenting behavior does not directly affect their psychological well-being at middle and old age but said well-being is indirectly influenced by the parents' early parenting behavior through their satisfaction toward their children's achievements in adulthood; moreover, parenting behaviors with different connotations affect parents' satisfaction toward their children and their psychological well-being at middle and old age differently. (2) Parents' satisfaction toward their children's achievements in adulthood is significantly correlated with their psychological well-being at middle and old age, with higher satisfaction leading to more satisfactory well-being. This reveals the implication of "honor thy family" in the intergenerational relationships between members of an ethnic Chinese family. (3) Parents' early parenting behavior, their satisfaction toward children's achievements in adulthood, and their psychological well-being at middle and old age are significantly correlated with one another, and a notable gender difference can be found in these factors. In summary, the effect of parents' early parenting behavior on their psychological well-being at middle and old age reveals the concept of "honor thy family" and "intergenerational reciprocation" in the culture of filial piety. Parents' parenting efforts accompany children's growth, and parents' expectations and appraisal of children's achievements represent the reflection of the parents at middle and old age on their parental role. Parents' sense of satisfaction due to successful parenting is reflected in their psychological well-being at middle and old age.

並列關鍵字

parenting behavior ； psychological well-being ； middle-aged and older parents ； intergenerational relationship ； satisfaction toward children's achievements