多元族群下的地方主義：沙巴客語影音創作的文化輸出

社群媒體和影音內容製作的普及讓少數語言的使用者得以跨越地理空間彼此串聯。馬來西亞聯邦的沙巴州是少數由客語作為華社通用語的第一級行政單位。當地華社的籍貫群其實非常多元，面對比華人多出9倍的原住民群體。本文欲補充過去研究從未探討的客語影音創作及背後的客原關係。沙巴的客語影音創作者首先結合國際流行文化和時事議題，讓沙巴成為馬來西亞客家文化的輸出地。創作者隨後進一步打造本地特色，融入原住民文化元素，製作「客原作品」。原住民對於沙巴客家仍是熟悉，甚至認為客家文化比其他籍貫群「有系統」。然而，「客原作品」卻存在局限，原住民的影音創作者並無融入客家文化元素的意識。沙巴原住民重視亞族的族群框架，有助於提升客家在原住民社群日常生活的能見度。其中，作為華人和原住民通婚後裔的Sino，扮演了關鍵的轉譯者角色。

關鍵字

婆羅洲；族群關係；馬來西亞；原住民；南島語族

並列摘要

The high accessibility of online content via social media has connected linguistic minorities virtually that transcends the geographical barriers. Hakka, usually a secondary dialect among any regional Chinese community, is a lingua franca of the Chinese in Sabah, Malaysia. With a one-ninth population of Sabah natives, the Sabah Chinese society is predominately Hakka-speaking, but there are also other dialect communities. This article fills the research gaps in Sabah Hakka online content and the Hakka-Indigenous relationship. Incorporated with the international pop culture and current affairs, the Hakka audiovisual creators first transformed Sabah into Malaysian Hakka's cultural output hub. The creators further localized their works by integrating the cultural elements of Sabah natives to produce "Hakka-Indigenous works". Generally speaking, the natives are familiar with Sabah Hakka and consider the Hakka more culturally systematic than other Chinese dialect groups. However, the "Hakka-Indigenous works" have limitations in development because the native creators have no preference for integrating Hakka culture into their works. In their daily life, Sabah natives accentuate a multi-ethnic framework, including sub-ethnic or dialect groups, which increases the visibility of Hakka. As a descendant of Chinese and native intermarriage, Sino plays a vital role as a cultural translator.

並列關鍵字

Borneo ； ethnic relations ； Malaysia ； indigenous ； Austronesian

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