- 會議論文
尋求化解文明衝突之道：一行禪師人間佛教思想探析之一
In Search of Solutions to Cultural Clashes: Preliminary Remarks on the Humanistic Buddhism of the Meditation Master Thich Nhat Hanh
摘要
面對文明、宗教分歧可能產生的衝突，一行禪師以他的「人間佛教」理念及其實踐，對化解文明衝突，實現真正和平，提出了一條可資借鑒的道路。首先，他指出傳統是生命的根，每一個人都能從他的傳統信仰中汲取智慧。他要求每一個人都需要回歸傳統，都要與自己血緣上的祖先和心靈上的祖先相通，回到自己的「根」。其次，一行禪師指出，傳統是活的系統，是開放的系統。正念禪修是溝通不同文明之間的橋樑。借著正念禪修，一方面可以使人們更好地深入認知和體驗自己傳統的精華，另一方面，正念禪修也可以幫助挖掘出其他精神傳統中的寶藏。再次，一行禪師提出「相即相入」的理念，認為萬事萬物是彼此相互依存的。借著正念禪觀的持續修煉，人們一旦明白生命互相依存的本質，彼此之間的隔閡就會解除，內心便會不斷充滿慈、悲、喜、舍。最後，一行禪師根據他在佛教與基督教對話中的實踐，強調問題不在於信仰，而在於修行。正念和聖靈可以說明修習者超越語言概念，使人們接觸到活的佛陀與活的基督。同時，正念和聖靈還具有幫助、治療、癒合的力量，使人能觸到終極的真實領域，獲得解脫和救贖。
並列摘要
To the clashes caused by civilizations and religions, meditation master Thich Nhat Hanh suggests a workable path. First, he points out that tradition is one's root, everyone could get wisdom from the tradition he belongs to. He asks everyone returns to his own tradition, gets connected with his blood ancestor via soul and returns to one's own root. Second, the Master says that tradition is alive and open. The meditation of mindfulness is the bridge connecting different civilizations. Through mindfulness one could get close contact with the essence of one's own tradition on the one hand, and it helps him to make use of the treasure of his tradition on the other. Third, the Master puts forward the concept of interbeings, believing that everything in the world is interdependent. By continuously practicing the mindfulness, people once understand the nature that their lives are interdependent, there will be no more misunderstanding between them, instead they will be filled with kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Finally, in the dialogues with Christians the Master emphasizes that the problem does not lie with faith but with practice. Mindfulness and Holy Spirit could transit the boundary of languages and make the believers to get in touch with a living Buddha and a living Christ. In the meantime, both mindfulness and Holy Spirit can help cure and eventually make people touch the true reality and get liberation and saved.
延伸閱讀
- 金易明（2020）。將佛教信仰深植於人間關懷－印順導師「人間佛教」思想脈絡淺探。載於佛光山人間佛教研究院（主編），《人間佛教叢書》2019星雲大師人間佛教理論實踐研究（頁620-654）。佛光山人間佛教研究院。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20200703001-202005-202007030025-202007030025-620-654
- 姚彬彬（2017）。「人間佛教」之語源問題與現代詮釋－並以星雲大師《佛光教科書》為視角。載於佛光山人間佛教研究院（主編），輯四【二○一六。人間佛教高峰論壇】人間佛教的共識（頁293-306）。佛光山人間佛教研究院。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20180411004-201712-201804110019-201804110019-293-306
- 賴皆興（2018）。「人間佛教」的再思考－兼論心道法師的「人生佛教」理念與實踐。新世紀宗教研究，16(4)，197-225。https://doi.org/10.3966/168437382018061604006
- 楊郁文（2004）。Buddhadharma for People and Human-oriented Buddhism: A Discussion of the Original Concerns of Ven. Yinshun's ＂Humanistic Buddhism＂。中華佛學學報，(17)，1-19。https://doi.org/10.6986/CHBJ.200407.0001
- 王彬（2020）。A Framework of the Systematization of Buddhism: Using the Theory and Practices of Humanistic Buddhism as Advocated by Venerable Master Hsing Yun as Examples。載於佛光山人間佛教研究院（主編），《人間佛教叢書》2019星雲大師人間佛教理論實踐研究（頁576-585）。佛光山人間佛教研究院。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20200703001-202005-202007030025-202007030025-576-585