- 會議論文
五代時期印度佛教文化與中土儒道元素的融會－以敦煌遺書S2614號和P4523號為中心
The Conglomeration of Indian Buddhist Culture and Chinese Culture during the Five Dynasties Period, with Special Reference to the Dunhuang Manuscripts S2614 and P4523
摘要
敦煌遺書《大目乾連冥間救母變文》（S2614號）寫成於五代後梁貞明年間。這個天竺佛徒故事彰顯了唐至後梁時期佛教文化和中土文化的融會狀況：變文作者嘗試調和佛徒出家與儒家孝親觀念之間的矛盾，同時，他在天竺故事中羼入中土道教元素，故事的漢化表徵甚為明顯。此外，變文中的彌陀淨土、地藏菩薩等，都具有中土佛教的色彩。本文聚焦於目連故事中文化元素混雜的景況，筆者將兼覽佛教藏經及出土文獻（尤其是S2614號和P4523號），嘗試了解種種混雜現象的來龍去脈。世人一般認為《大目乾連冥間救母變文》源自西晉《佛說盂蘭盆經》，然而，同類故事（救出罪人、救度亡母）早見於三國時期。筆者懷疑《佛說盂蘭盆經》本身可能也是一個異文化混雜的文本。另外，《佛說淨土盂蘭盆經》和目連變文的關係亦甚為密切。
並列摘要
The Dunhuang manuscript Transformation Text on Mulian Saving His Mother from Hell (Damuqianlian mingjian jiumu bianwen《大目乾連冥間救母變文》), written in the Zenming era of the Later Liang during the Five Dynasties period in China, reveals the conglomeration of Buddhist culture and Chinese culture from the Tang dynasty to the Later Liang. The writer of the text tried to ease the conflict between the ideas of becoming a Buddhist monk and being filial in Confucianism. At the same time, he mixed Taoist concepts from China into a story from India. This essay will focus on the phenomenon of culture mixing shown in the story of Mulian, in an attempt to understand the indigenization of Buddhism in China by studying Buddhist sutras and Chinese excavated texts, P4523 in particular. It is generally believed that Transformation Text on Mulian Saving His Mother from Hell (Damuqianlian mingjian jiumu bianwen) originated from The Buddha Speaks The Ullambana Sutra, but there were similar stories back in the Three Kingdoms period. This essay holds the view that The Buddha Speaks The Ullambana Sutra might also be a culturally hybrid text. In addition, The Buddha Speaks The Pure Land Ullambana Sutra《佛說淨土盂蘭盆經》is closely related to Transformation Text on Mulian Saving His Mother from Hell (Damuqianlian mingjian jiumu bianwen).
延伸閱讀
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