宋代醫僧的醫療行為與社會影響

The Medical Behavior and Social Influence of Medical Buddhist Monk in Song Dynasty

黃惠菁(Huang, Hui-Jing)

《深入緣起．集眾法寶：人間佛教在東亞與東南亞的實踐》 2020年(下冊) (2020/06) Pp. 971-1005

摘要

佛教戒律中，曾明文規定出家人不得從事買賣的行為，由此衍生出要求出家人不得從事醫藥行業之說，學習醫方明的根本目的是善巧方便地接引眾生修學佛法，如果沒有堅實的佛法根柢而學醫，很可能荒廢正業，造成對修道的妨害。然而緇門學醫、從醫，只要隨力救治，不為交易買賣，慈悲喜捨，以濟世為本懷，對病人施與幫忙，便是值得讚歎的菩薩行。佛教自東漢傳入中國，即陸續有醫僧來到中土，其本業雖是弘法宣教、翻譯佛典，但也透過醫術的善巧方便，救濟病患，接引眾生修學佛法。宋代醫療制度雖較前朝完備，但仍因弊端叢生，折損政府的美意。民間醫療幸有僧人和寺院的投入，多少填補了官方資源的不足，加以佛教信仰普遍，故此期的醫僧數量也較前朝為多，其中不乏醫術精到，技藝超群者，連公卿大夫也趨之若鶩。這些醫僧的事蹟或存於正史，垂名身後，但更多是見諸方志、筆記小說有名無籍或名號闕如的善醫者。他們行腳遍及各地，醫德可風，用藥實在，彌補政府醫療制度之失。正因有宋一代，寺院鱗次櫛比、僧侶精醫人才薈萃，才使得本朝醫療的整體表現，仍優於前朝許多。

關鍵字

宋代醫僧 ； 戒律 ； 藥局

並列摘要

When Buddhism was introduced to China from the Eastern Han Dynasty, Medical Buddhist Monk came to China. Although his work was to promote Buddhism and translate Buddhist scriptures, he also used medical techniques to provide relief to sick people and to teach people to study Dharma. Because of the presence of monks and monasteries, private medical services in the Song Dynasty made up for the lack of official resources. In addition to the widespread belief in Buddhism, the number of Medical Buddhist Monk at this time was relatively large. Many of them were with excellent medical skills and superior skills. They traveled all over the country, they had excellent medical ethics, and they really used medicine to make up for the shortcomings of the government's medical system. There are many monasteries in the Song Dynasty and the excellent medical skills of the monks make the overall performance of the Song Dynasty medical treatment better than the previous ones.

並列關鍵字

Medical Buddhist Monk in Song Dynast ； commandments ； pharmacy