《大乘大義章》的念佛見佛與成佛

Reciting [the name of] Buddha,Seeting Buddha and Becoming a Buddha in the Dacheng dayi zhang

杜保瑞(DUH Bau-Ruei)

《眾力莊嚴．一佛圓滿——人間淨土與彌陀淨土》 2017年(上冊) (2017/12) Pp. 203-231

摘要

《大乘大義章》是鳩摩羅什與慧遠的問答，實在是大乘佛教義理揭露的一大巨著，羅什以其深厚的佛學功底，回答了慧遠所有的問題，關鍵就是成佛境界的問題。慧遠以世間法的三界內的四大五根設想，許多菩薩的活動以及佛身的觀念終想不透。羅什以般若學進路，以佛為永恆救渡者的願力，解決了菩薩及佛的身形存在問題。此中，羅什少用唯識學名相概念，故而也有少許難明之處，但最終仍是義理清晰的。筆者個人亦有一大疑惑問題，亦即是否有菩薩境界的高級存有者在人間世活動的問題。研究結果，等同阿羅漢果位以上的菩薩道修行者，至少是四地以上菩薩，他們不斷以化身示現人間，但更以再來人的身分出世住世活動，自身實踐以為典範，帶領眾生相信佛道。

關鍵字

佛性 ； 菩薩 ； 阿羅漢 ； 四大 ； 涅槃 ； 住壽 ； 授記

並列摘要

The Dacheng dayi zhang is a collection of the questions and answers between Kumārajīva and Huiyuan and a masterpiece representing the teachings of the Mahayana. With a profound understanding of and thorough training in Buddhism Kumārajīva answered all the questions put by Huiyuan that actually concern the state of Buddhahood. In this-world way context of the four great elements and five roots limited to the Three Spheres Huiyuan couldn't understand the activities and the concept of Buddha-body, but Kumārajīva cleared all his doubts and confusions through the Prājan approach with the Buddha's forever saver's will and vows. In the answers, Kumārajīva tried not to use too many terms of the Yogacāra to make his explanations as easily understandable as possible without sacrificing the critical meanings of the ideas. The present author had a big question too relating to whether or not those with a highly advanced state of spirituality like Bodhisattvas active in human world. The outcome of the study shows that the bodhisattvas equaling in spiritual state of an arahant assume different bodies leading an example of Buddhist practitioners for other believers.

並列關鍵字

Buddha-nature ； Bodhisattva ； Arahant ； the Four Great Element ； Nirvana ； Lifespan ； Conferring Prophecy