啟明星冉冉升起－論人間佛教在東南亞傳播三階段

The Rising Morning Star: the Three Stages of of Humanism Buddhism in Southeast Asia

鄧子美(Deng Zimei)

《無礙法界．正教弘傳：人間佛教在東亞與東南亞的傳佈》 2020年 (2020/04) Pp. 138-168

摘要

以星雲大師派遣慈莊法師赴美創建西來寺（1977）與倡立「國際佛光會」（1991）為兩大標誌性事件，近現代人間佛教海外傳播史可以劃分為兩個階段，第一個階段為所在國（地區）因本土華人社會需要，邀請人間佛教提倡者及其弟子來當地弘法並爭取他們常駐的時期，此即為本文所稱的早期，東南亞三國（新加坡、馬來西亞、菲律賓）原漢傳佛教的現代轉型較長典範性地展現了這一傳播狀態。本文即以此為中心展開論述。第二個階段為人間佛教教團已建立了「本山」——作為教職人員與骨幹力量的「大本營」與培養教育及再培訓基地，由本山派遣骨幹，有組織地主動地向海外傳播「人間佛教」理念，建立起與本山保持著密切聯繫的道場並不斷發展，其制度設施及文化模式均源自本山，具有複製性。就東南亞而言，其範例有佛光山馬來西亞、新加坡、菲律賓、泰國道場，法鼓山的馬來西亞、泰國分支等。因為有本山支撐有組織的自覺傳播與出於自發的邀約性傳播之性質不同，所以在史學研究上應予區別。星雲大師還進而提出了人間佛教本土化要求，如果大師願景進一步實現，那就進入了人間佛教傳播史上第三個階段，在東南亞將不限於在各國各地的華人社會中傳播與原漢傳佛教傳統之承繼，有望展開新的局面。

關鍵字

人間佛教 ； 東南亞佛教 ； 人間佛教傳播史 ； 人間佛教本土化 ； 國際佛光會

並列摘要

The two landmarks that Master Hsing Yun sent Ci Zhuang to the United States to found Hsilai Temple (1977) and Buddha's Light International Association (1991) can divide the modern Buddhism history into two stages. In the first stage which is called early stage in this paper, the host country (region) invited the advocates and his disciples of Humanism Buddhism to come and stay because of the local Chinese society. The modern transformation of Chinese Buddhism in three countries in Southeast Asia (Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines) shows a typical transmission, which is discussed as the core content. In the second stage, the Humanism Buddhism Sangha has established a ＂Head Mountain＂ as a base for monks and backbones training and learning. The ＂Head Mountain＂ sent backbones to spread Humanism Buddhism concept overseas in a organized way, and founded a Dojo developing with a close connection. The new Dojo copy all institutional facilities and cultural patterns from the ＂Head Mountain＂. For example, in Southeast Asia, there are Fo Guang Shan Philippines Dojo, Light School, Fo Guang Shan Malaysia and Thailand Dojo, and the branch of Dharma Drum Mountain in Malaysia and Thailand. Because of difference between the organized spread by the ＂Head Mountain＂ and the invited spread spontaneously, the history research should treat distinguished. Moreover, Master Hsing Yun pointed that the Humanism Buddhism should be localized. If his purpose has been true, the history of Humanism Buddhism will go into the third stage, which can be a new look beyond the Chinese communities and Chinese Buddhism.

並列關鍵字

Humanism Buddhism ； Buddhism in Southeast Asian ； the spread history of Humanism Buddhism ； Buddha's Light International Association