佛教是一個「想像的共同體」嗎？－太虛大師佛教革新運動與日本

Is Buddhism an imaginary community?: The Buddhist Reform Movement of Master Tai Xu and Japan

何燕生(He Yen-Sheng)

《無礙法界．正教弘傳：人間佛教在東亞與東南亞的傳佈》 2020年 (2020/04) Pp. 186-209

摘要

本文考察了太虛佛教革新運動中的日本因素。作者認為，無論在太虛的僧伽教育還是在其「世界佛教運動」中，我們都能看到日本佛教的影子。日本佛教在太虛佛教革新運動的格局中，一度是一個「成功」的形象，一個可資效仿的「範例」，一支可以聯合的「力量」。然而，隨著日本軍國主義的對華侵略，作為愛國高僧的太虛，提出了「佛教救國」的主張，並且組織全國佛教徒一起「抗日」，向日本佛教界發出「勸告」，希望日本佛教徒本著佛教慈悲主義的精神，一起抵制日本軍國主義。然而，他的「勸告」不僅沒有起到有效的作用，反而遭到日本佛教徒的反唇相譏。太虛對日本佛教的認識，不得不說充滿著「想像」，而這種「想像」，同時反映了中日兩國佛教之間的差異。

關鍵字

太虛 ； 佛教革新運動 ； 日本佛教 ； 想像的共同體 ； 國家與宗教

並列摘要

This article examines the Japanese factors in the Taixu Buddhism innovation movement. The author believes that we can see the shadow of Japanese Buddhism in both the Buddhist education of Taixu and the ＂Buddhist Movement of the World＂. In the pattern of the Taixu Buddhism innovation movement, Japanese Buddhism was once a ＂successful＂ image, a ＂example＂ that can be imitated, and a ＂power＂ that can be united. However, with the Japanese aggression against China, Taixu put forward the idea of ＂Buddhism to save the country＂ and organized Chinese Buddhists to ＂anti-Japanese＂ together and issued ＂advice＂ to the Japanese Buddhist community, hoping that Japanese Buddhists would be in harmony with Buddhism, and Together to resist Japanese militarism. However, his ＂advice＂ not only did not play an effective role, but was opposed by Japanese Buddhists. Taixu's understanding of Japanese Buddhism has to be said to be full of ＂imagination＂, and this ＂imagination＂ also reflects the difference between Buddhism in China and Japan.

並列關鍵字

Taixu ； Buddhist innovation movement ； Japanese Buddhism ； imagined community ； state and religion