台灣各地晴朗度與太陽能光電板應用適宜性的影響

The influence of sky clearness on the suitability of solar photovoltaic panels in Taiwan

廖雯婕(Wen-Jie Liao) ； 黃品儒(Pin-Ru Huang) ； 黃瑞隆(Ruey-Lung Hwang)

《冷凍空調&能源科技》 126期 (2021/03) Pp. 24-31

https://doi.org/10.29911/JEHVACE_NEW.202103_(126).0001

摘要

一年中的晴雨狀況與空氣品質會影響各地擺放太陽能光電板的最佳傾斜角度。首先針對台灣各地進行PM2.5和降雨時數的分析，從中選擇四個城市（台北、台中、花蓮、高雄）作為研究對象，再使用中央氣象局得到的太陽輻射量數據逐時計算得出直達光與散射光的比例，求得各傾斜角度下的輻射量，並加總計算近15年來的發電量，最後判斷各地的最佳傾斜角度。結果得出各地區之最佳傾斜角度分別為台北21度、台中27度、高雄21度、花蓮18度。檢視這些計算結果來分析，發現整年調整同一角度效益不大，而改以每個地區皆考慮季節性的變化調整太陽能光電板的傾斜角度，模擬結果則可有效提升總發電量台北4.2%、台中6.2%、高雄5.2%、花蓮7.9%的年發電量。而空氣品質和降雨會影響大氣的晴朗度，本研究定義不利發電的條件後統計出時數，計算出與最佳角度的角度差後作圖分析，結果發現，若PM2.5汙染較為嚴重或降雨時數增加時應調整光電板傾斜角度，雖然帶來的影響較小，但可作為預測天氣調整光電板角度的基礎。

關鍵字

太陽能光電板 ； 光電板傾斜角度 ； 空氣品質 ； 晴朗度 ； 發電量

並列摘要

The optimal installation tilt angle for solar photovoltaic panels is affected by the weather condition and air quality throughout the year. The PM2.5 concentration and rainfall hours in different places in Taiwan are firstly analyzed, and four cities (Taipei, Taichung, Hualien, and Kaohsiung) are selected as the main study objects in this study. The radiation data obtained by the Central Weather Bureau is a time-by-hour meter data for clarifying the ratio of direct light to scattered light, and the radiation amount of each tilt angle is accumulated for calculating the power generation in the past 15 years; eventually, the best tilt angle in each place can be evaluated. According to the results, it shows the appropriate angle in each study city is as follows: 21 degrees in Taipei, 27 degrees in Taichung, 21 degrees in Kaohsiung and 18 degrees in Hualien. Through the adjustment of the angle, the total power generation increases by 4.2% in Taipei ,6.2 % in Taichung, 5.2% in Kaohsiung, and 7.9% in Hualien. The air quality and rainfall also make influence on the clearness of the atmosphere. The difference of power generation amount between optimal and general angle is analyzed on the basis of the excluded conditions of unfavorable power generation hours defined by this study. Besides, the simulation results of the scenarios under the serious PM2.5 pollutions and the rainfall hour increases can be used as a basis for adjusting the angle of panels when facing different weather conditions.

並列關鍵字

solar PV panel ； inclination angle of PV panel ； air quality ； sky clearness ； power generation