台灣水權及其法律性質之探討－公水之特許使用

本文探討台灣水權及其法律性質，依使用目的而言：（1）水權，為特許使用，其權利取得的形式，係屬公權；其權利的內容係屬私權，惟仍受公共性之規範，為公權具私權之性質，且公權程度比私權強些。（2）水權之水，為標的水權人水權取水權利之水，爲標的使用或收益之用，其事實取得的形式，係屬私有物事實；其事實的內容係屬公有物事實，惟仍受私有性之規範，為私有物事實兼具公有物事實之性質，且私有物事實程度比公有物事實強些。水權，使用權為主，收益權為輔。水權之水，使用為主，收益為輔。水權，為特許使用，係屬實體法上之權利，程序上有其救濟之道，包括行政與司法途徑。水權之水，為水權人占有，占有為單純之事實，不得為確認之訴之標的，惟適法仍有民法占有人之自力救濟與物上請求權，可提出私法關係之民事訴訟或公法關係之訴願及行政訴訟。另依法（水利法第九十七條）關於補償或水權之處理利害關係人發生爭議時，主管機關得邀集有關機關團體評議之，亦為相當務實之處理方式。

關鍵字

水權；公權；私權；水權之水；公物；特別用物；法律性質；行政法

並列摘要

The study discusses the water rights and their law in Taiwan. According to the purposes of water use, water rights are categorized as: (1) Water rights. They are issued under license. The water rights are the public right, and the private right is the attribute of the content. However the public right has priority over such as water rights. They have to be supervised under the norms of society. (2) Use of water rights. The water rights are usually belonged to personal effects; however, they are common property. They are regulated by the private norms, and the private property is above common property. Summarily, water rights are the right to make use of water and the use of water rights are the belonging. Water right is mainly related to the right to use, which is supplemented by jus fruendi aut fructus; the water right's water is mainly related to usage, which is supplemented by jus fruendi. Water rights, belonging to the special permission use, is the right of positive law. There are administrative and judicial redeeming means in procedure. The use of water right was controlled by society a person that has water right. Possession is a simple fact. It can't be the subject of action of confirmation. According to the Civil Law, possessor has the right of self-protection and claim over things to the use of water right. The possessor may present a civil action legally by the private law, administrative petition and administrative action. According to Water Act (Article 97), the concern of authorities may invite the related organizations and bodies to arbitrate about the compensation or water right management within party interested, which is a relatively practical way.

並列關鍵字

Water rights ； Public right ； Private right ； The water right's water (the water under water right) ； Public things ； Sachen in sondergebrauch (German) ； Legal character ； Administrative law

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