Response of a Typical Muddy Coastal Wetland Landscape Pattern to Hydrogeomorphic Processes

典型淤泥質濱海濕地景觀格局對水文地貌過程的回應

張華兵(HUABING ZHANG) ； 韓爽(SHUANG HAN) ； 王娟(JUAN WANG) ； 劉玉卿(YUQING LIU)

《台灣水利》 68卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 87-99

https://doi.org/10.6937/TWC.202012/PP_68(4).0008

摘要

Monitoring data of soil moisture and salinity from the core area of Yancheng National Nature Reserve (YNNR) in 2011 and 2012 were combined with ETM + remote sensing images from 2000 and 2011 and a DEM image from 2011 to explore the relationship between the landscape pattern and hydrology and geomorphology processes using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) method. The results showed that, firstly, the landscape pattern was parallel to Phragmites australis (P. australis), Suaeda salsa (S. salsa), and Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) marshes and the mudflat from the land to the sea. P. australi and S. alterniflora marshes increased, and S. salsa marsh decreased over the time period. Secondly, the geomorphic pattern showed ＂high-low-high-low＂ characteristics from the land to the sea. The soil moisture gradually increased from the land to the sea, and the soil salinity increased from P. australi to S. salsa and S. alterniflora marshes. Thirdly, the CCA ordinations between the altitude and landscape type and among soil moisture, salinity and landscape type showed that altitude, soil moisture and salinity could effectively distinguish the four landscape types in different spaces. This proved that geomorphology was the basis for the landscape pattern formation, and soil moisture and salinity were the key ecological factors for the landscape pattern evolution in the coastal wetland.

關鍵字

Landscape pattern ； hydrological and geomorphic processes ； CCA ； the YNNR

並列摘要

以鹽城國家級自然保護區核心區為案例，運用2011年、2012年對海濱濕地土壤水分和鹽度的監測資料，結合2000年、2011年ETM +遙感影像和2011年的DEM影像，通過典範對應分析方法，探索鹽城海濱濕地景觀格局與水文地貌過程的關係。結果表明：①景觀格局從陸到海平行分佈著蘆葦沼澤、堿蓬沼澤、互花米草沼澤和光灘；蘆葦沼澤和互花米草沼澤在增加，堿蓬沼澤在減少。②地貌格局在空間上從陸到海表現出“高－低－高－低”特徵；從陸到海土壤水分逐漸增加；從蘆葦沼澤、堿蓬沼澤到米草沼澤，土壤鹽度呈上升的態勢。③地貌與景觀類型，土壤水分、鹽度和景觀類型的CCA排序結果顯示，地貌、土壤水分和鹽度變數能夠將四種景觀類型有效的區分在不同的空間，驗證了地貌是濱海濕地景觀格局形成的基礎，土壤水分和鹽度是景觀格局形成的關鍵生態因數。

並列關鍵字

景觀格局 ； 水文地貌過程 ； 典範對應分析 ； 鹽城國家級自然保護區