明代福建倉儲政策研究

Study Granary Policy of Ming Dynasty in Fujian Province

郭永發(Yun-Fa Kuo)

《史匯》 17期 (2014/02) Pp. 39-74

摘要

明代的倉政是將歷朝各種官方與非官方的倉政集其大成，發展出一套屬於自己特色的倉政。倉政的主要功能是處理民生問題，例如：賑濟，穩定穀價等措施，此外在各種倉政裏，尚有攸關非民生問題的功能。由於東南沿海的福建屬於山多平原少的特殊地理環境，不利於稅糧的運輸，對於貯存穀物的倉政就顯得格外重要。本文就福建的官方與民間的倉政種類與功能加以探討，並進而討論倉政的興衰。隨著明中葉海禁政策的開放，白銀的流通，促進國內外貿易的發展，改變過去以穀物為稅收的經濟制度。海禁政策的改變，削減了貯存穀物的倉政功能。

關鍵字

明代 ； 福建 ； 預備倉 ； 義倉 ； 社倉

並列摘要

The granaries policy of Ming dynasty was comprehensive expression of granaries period dynasty between offices and non-offices, then developed to special granaries itself. The granaries policy function as handle the public problems of people's livelihood, for example: relieves, stable prices etc. The granary policies were included something problems of not the people's livelihood. The Fujian province belonged to many mountains and little of plains special position along the southeast coast, granaries policy were very important in storage grain due to transportation of taxation not were convenient. This research is centered on variety of granaries policy and function both government and non-government, in according to this research to find out decline in granaries policy. Due to the middle period of Ming dynasty open the sea restrictions and silver currency, improved development commerce in internal and overseas then transformed grain of taxation in economics policy. This changed policy effect on granaries policy function in storage grain.

並列關鍵字

Ming Dynasty ； Fujian Province ； Preparedness Granary (yubeicang) ； Charity Granary (yicang) ； Community Granary (shecang)