論況周頤對明詞之評騭

有清一代的詞學論者，對於明代詞壇發展，大多給予「不尊詞體」、「詞絕於明」、「無一可觀」等負面評價，而況周頤則關注到詞史發展與流變的重要觀念，渠對明詞之評價，遂迥異於其他論者。本文從兩方面進行探討，一是況周頤對於明代詞壇整體的評論與看法，雖然詞人詞作並非上乘之作，但也並不可以棄之不論，且綜觀明代詞壇，亦有不少可取之處，對於詞史發展是不可缺的。二是況周頤對於明代詞人的個別批評，像是對於陳鐸、屈大均、夏完淳等人作品的肯定，而最常稱許的明代詞人大多集中在晚明。而況周頤對明詞的批評其實並不算是「褒」，而是在一片「明詞不振」的聲浪中，給予明詞一個更客觀的評價，讓整個詞史發展的脈絡更為清晰，這也影響了後來其學生趙尊嶽《明詞彙刊》及各家詞集提要的論述。

關鍵字

況周頤；蕙風詞話；明詞；詞學觀

並列摘要

Having given some negative evaluations such as ＂disrespectful verses＂, ＂words must be clear＂, and ＂worthless＂ to the poetry of the Qing Dynasty by Some scholars. However, Zhou Yi had advocated different and crucial perspectives from other commentators to the development of this kind of poetry in this period. This essay tries to discuss further from two aspects, the first one is Kuang Zhouyi's comments and views on the entire Ming Ci poetry. Although those kinds of poets are not superior works, yet they could not be discarded. According to the Ming period poetry, some valuable features also is indispensable and should be given more attention to the development of the whole of poetry history. The second one is Kuan Zhouyi's criticism of the Ming Dynasty poets, such as the affirmation of the works of Chen Duo, Qu Dajun, Xia Wanchun, and others, and most of the Ming Dynasty poets most often praised concentrated in the late period time Ming Dynasty. Besides, Zhou Yi's criticism of Mingci is not only ＂acceptable＂ positively, but in a wave of ＂Ming poetry losing trend＂, giving Mingji a more objective evaluation, thus causing the development of the entire history of poetry firmly. As a result, some affection will be transformed into his students, namely Zhao Zunyue, whose creation ＂Ming poetry collection＂ and other discussions and detracters later.