西方國民政府時期的電影檢查與電影教育：以張沖主持電影為中心的考察（1934-1936）

Film Censorship and Education in the Period of Nanjing National Government (1934-1936) : An Investigation Centered on Films Hosted by Zhang Chong

林威杰(Wei-Jie, Lin)

《史匯》 23期 (2021/04) Pp. 73-110

摘要

三民主義是國民黨意識形態的根源，也是政權合法的依據。國民政府是國民黨以黨領政，以黨治國的政治組織。在建設三民主義國家進程中，國民政府透過各種手段與方式，希望將國民黨意識形態貫徹到每一位國民心中，而電影就成為最佳的工具之一。畢竟擁有龐大文盲的中國，透過電影能夠以圖像影音等方式，清楚的向民眾表達理念價值。因此，在國民黨尚未取得全國執政權之前，就深知電影的重要性。那麼，探究國民政府時期的電影事業，首先必須從電影檢查與電影教育兩個方向去著手。其中張冲在國民政府電影事業中扮演承先啓後的角色，他「中統」特務出身的背景，以及對俄語的熟練度，受到陳果夫、陳立夫兩兄弟的重視，並極力扶植他進入電影宣傳體系。兩陳兄弟希望利用張冲的專長，來瞭解各國電影發展的現狀，以及反共宣傳的運作，打擊那些不利於國民黨統治的影片，爭取意識形態的陣地。

關鍵字

三民主義國家 ； 電影檢查 ； 電影教育 ； 張冲 ； 《農人之春》

並列摘要

Modern The Three People's Principles is the root of the Kuomintang's ideology and the legal basis of its regime. The national government was a political organization in which the Kuomintang led the government by the party and governed the country through the party. In the process of building a country based on the Three People's Principles, the national government hoped to implement the Kuomintang's ideological concept in every citizen's heart through various means and ways, and film became one of the best tools. After all, China was a country with a large number of illiterate, and film could be the best option for the government to clearly express its ideas and value to the public in the form of images, videos and other forms. Therefore, the Kuomintang had known the importance of film just before it was in power in the whole country. Then, to explore the film industry in the period of the national government, we must first start from the two directions, film inspection and film education. Zhang Chong serves as a link between the development of Chinese film industry in the past and future. Because of his previous spy status and his proficiency in Russian, the brothers Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu valued him a lot and helped him enter the film promotion system. They hoped to have a deeper understanding of the status of film development in other countries back then and the operation of anti-communist propaganda, crack down on films that were not conducive to the Kuomintang rule, and occupy ideological positions with the help of Zhang Chong.

並列關鍵字

Three people's principles country ； Film Censorship ； Film Education ； Zhang Chong ； ＂Farmers' Spring＂