花蓮地區阿美族的kenaw：藥食兩用的小根蒜（Allium macrostemon Bunge）

花蓮縣特產kenaw（阿美族語）為阿美族人喜愛的開胃菜，它是具有蔥蒜類濃厚的辛嗆氣味的植物鱗莖。由於kenaw少見，因此不被一般民眾所認識。本研究採集花蓮地區kenaw樣品，進行植株特徵比對及基因序列分析，經鑑定結果推斷kenaw 為小根蒜（Allium macrostemon Bunge）。以氣相層析質譜儀分析新鮮小根蒜鱗莖含有dipropyl disulfide、methyl propyl disulfide和dipropyl trisulfide等含硫化合物，這些化合物可能是提供辛嗆味的來源。新鮮小根蒜鱗莖的營養組成分為19.88公克總碳水化合物、3.57公克粗蛋白及0.13公克粗脂肪（每100公克）。另製備小根蒜鱗莖的不同三種溶劑之萃取物，其中100%乙醇萃取物（100% ethanol extract, E）的總酚含量及總類黃酮含量均高於50%乙醇萃取物（50% ethanol extract, WE）或水萃取物（water extract, W）。從DPPH和ABTS分析結果發現E的抗氧化活性顯著高於WE或W。在細胞實驗模式，發現W顯著提升人類NK-92自然殺手細胞對於K562血癌細胞的毒殺能力。目前有關新鮮小根蒜之生理功能的研究較為缺乏，本研究初步了解小根蒜鱗莖的組成分與生物活性，仍待未來研究探討其藥食兩用功效。

關鍵字

Kenaw（阿美族語）；小根蒜；含硫化合物

並列摘要

Kenaw (in Amis language) is an aboriginal edible wild plant in Hualien and an appetite enjoyed by the indigenous Pangcah (Amis). Kenaw has a leek-like and garlic-like smell, and its bulb has a pungent flavor. Kenaw is rare on the market; therefore it is not well known among the Taiwanese. In this study, kenaw plants were collected from Yuemei, Shoufeng Township, Hualien County, Taiwan, and then examined their morphology and DNA sequences. Our results demonstrated that the kenaw is the bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge. The volatile components of fresh kenaw was determined by GC/MS. Thirty compounds were identified, with dipropyl disulfide, methyl propyl disulfide, and dipropyl trisulfide being present in the highest proportions. These organic sulfides possibly play a critical role in determining the characteristic smell and taste of kenaw. The carbohydrate, protein, and fat content of fresh kenaw bulbs were respectively 19.88, 3.57 and 0.13 g/100 g of raw and fresh sample. The fresh kenaw bulbs were extracted with 100% ethanol (E), 50% ethanol (WE), or water (W) by the ultrasonic microwave-assisted extraction method. Among them, E extract showed that the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and also exhibited the highest total antioxidant capacities using DPPH and ABTS assays. In addition, co-cultivation experiments between human natural killer (NK)-92 cells and human lymphoblastoid K562 cells revealed that cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells against K562 cells was increased in the presence of kenaw extracts, especially W. However, further work is still needed to evaluate the bioactive components and physiological effects of A. macrostemon.

並列關鍵字

kenaw ； Allium macrostemon Bunge ； organic sulfides

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