自組織系統概論（二）：自組織與他組織系統原理

自組織是自然界在沒有外力介入下，就會對環境的重大改變作出自發適應的一種現象。本文根據複雜系統科研成果，將系統－環境概念與因－緣概念相連結，再將它們套入生命系統的創生、存在、演化架構，歸納出三組自組織系統的行為規律：因緣成果、常變循環、臨機破立。其中，因緣成果是規範自組織現象的全面性規律；常變循環是制約時間軸上系統生命歷程演化的規律；而臨機破立則綜合反映了相變臨界點上系統行為的規律。本文也論證了人類的他組織之手在自組織大環境中，仍然遵守自組織三原理的制約並產生其影響力。另由於他組織之手的介入會使自組織系統適應環境的相變進程大幅加速，因此本文也提出：他組織之手如能深諳自組織規律並善加利用，那麼在人類組織系統的管理上，就可收事半功倍、舉重若輕之效。本文最後針對自組織系統理論的一般特性，作出了簡單的總結。

關鍵字

自組織；他組織；因緣成果；常變循環；臨機破立

並列摘要

Self-organization is a phenomenon in which the adaptation of the system to the major change in the environment takes place spontaneously without the intervention of an external force with will. Based on the results of complex system research, this study connects the concept of system-environment with the concept of cause-effect, and integrates them into the creation, existence, and evolution processes of a living system, and summarizes three sets of behavioral principles of the self-organization systems, namely, principle of conditional causality, principle of cyclic adaptation, and principle of threshold criticality. The conditional causality is the comprehensive principle that regulates all phenomena of self-organization. The cyclic adaptation is the principle that regulates the evolution processes of the self-organization system along the timeline. The threshold criticality reflects the behavior characteristics of the self-organization system at the critical point of the phase transition stage. This article also argues that the influence of the intervention of the willed human hetero-organization force into the self-organization world, is still regulated by the three principles of self-organization. The intervention of the human force will significantly accelerate the phase change process of the self-organization system's adaptation to the environment; therefore, in managing the human system, if one can master the laws of self-organization and make best use of them, it can achieve more with less and lift the weight lightly. This article also summarizes the general characteristics of the self-organization system theory.

並列關鍵字

self-organization ； hetero-organization ； conditional causality ； cyclic adaptation ； threshold criticality

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