高齡者居住環境品質評估與改善－以新北市集合住宅個案為例

Evaluation and Improvement of Living Environment Quality for the Elderly - A case study on congregated housing in New Taipei City

朱啓銘(Chi-Ming Chu) ； 蔡宜庭(Yi-Ting Tsai) ； 郭瑋克(Wei-Ke Kuo)

《2022室內設計教育國際論壇論文集》 2022 (2022/11) Pp. c21-06

https://doi.org/10.30183/IDEF.202211.0021

摘要

近年來，相關高齡者住宅與健康等課題備受重視，根據內政部統計處（2019）所做的調查顯示，台灣各縣市戶籍登記65歲以上高齡者，以新北市占最多數，且以集合住宅｢在宅安養｣者為主流，唯一般住宅皆未考量到高齡者於身心理的變化和需求，導致居住行為上實有諸多不適的狀況發生，且在室內環境健康品質的部分亦不甚理想，因此急需有專業學門給予適切的評估，作為高齡者住宅改善之方向和依據，唯目前仍少有相關研究針對此議題進行深入討論，所以目前仍無可供依循的評估準則；據此，本研究首先擬定出適用於檢核高齡者住宅的指標構面，藉以針對改善前室內空間進行環境健康品質的評估，並依據個案需要給予適當的實務施作，作為改善後再次評估的基礎。最後結果發現：室內住環境改善前以｢心理｣指標最不受重視，｢音聲、材料、活動與體感｣指標則較趨向於兩極化，而｢光線、空氣與用水｣指標則是較具影響力，也是最受重視的部分；在經過具體的住宅改善實施後則顯示：｢活動、體感、心理｣等指標有顯著性的提升，這也代表著居住者對室內環境指標於重視程度的改變，而｢光線、空氣與用水｣指標則更受矚，但｢音聲與材料｣指標卻受制於經費與改善次序的考量，致使顯著性也相對較為偏低下。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 在宅安養 ； 集合住宅 ； 環境品質評估 ； 設計改善

並列摘要

In recent years, topics related to housing and health of the elderly have attracted great attention. According to the survey by the Ministry of the Interior (2019), New Taipei City has the largest registered population over 65 in Taiwan, and the majority of them live in their congregate housing to receive home-based care. However, general housing fails to consider physical and mental changes of the elderly and their needs, leading to a lot of discomfort in life. Moreover, the indoor environment quality is unsatisfactory. Therefore, professional evaluation is urgently needed to provide direction and basis for residential improvement for the elderly. However, few studies have deeply explored this issue, so there are no evaluation criteria now. Therefore, this study firstly develops the dimension indexes suitable for investigating houses of the elderly to evaluate the indoor environmental quality before the improvement, and takes appropriate practical measures according to case demands as the basis for the re-evaluation after the improvement. According to the final results, before the improvement of indoor living environment, ＂psychology＂ is the least valued, ＂sound, material, activity and body sense＂ are polarized, while ＂light, air and water＂ are influential and the most valued. After the implementation of specific residential improvement measures, ＂activity, body sense and psychology＂ are significantly improved, indicating the changes in the residents' attention to indexes of indoor environment; ＂light, air and water＂ attract great attention; but ＂sound and material＂ are less significant due to the consideration of expenditure and order of improvement.

並列關鍵字

the elderly ； home-based care ； congregated housing ； environment quality evaluation ； design improvement