氣象、空氣污染對兒童呼吸道病毒的影響效應

The effect of meteorological and air pollutants on respiratory viruses in children

李靜(LEI Cheng) ； 勞祥達(LOU Cheong Tat) ； 姚荊(IO King) ； 司徒健仁(SITOU Kin Ian) ； 葉松柏(IP Chong Pak) ； 潘寶全(PAN Bao Quan)

《鏡湖醫學》 21卷1期 (2021/06) Pp. 22-26+40

摘要

目的：探討澳門地區氣象、空氣污染因素對兒童呼吸道病毒感染的影響效應。方法：以2014年1月～2017年12月在本院兒科住院診斷為急性呼吸道感染的4880例兒童為研究對象。採用液態基因晶片懸浮技術(flexible Multi-Analyte Profiling, xMAP)檢測9種常見呼吸道病毒結果。通過分佈滯後非線性模型分析澳門氣候因素（日照時間、風速、日均氣溫、相對濕度）以及空氣污染因素（PM10、PM2.5、NO_2、O_3）對病毒的影響。結果：4880例患兒檢出病毒陽性3767例（77.2%）。在低溫（<13℃）、17℃～27℃（峰值約在22℃）、高溫（>29℃）溫度範圍病毒陽性病例檢出風險增加。相對濕度在40%～75%範圍，病毒檢出風險升高。日照時間>11小時時RR<1.0。隨着污染物濃度升高，病毒感染風險升高。在高O_3（>80 ppb）水平及低O_3水平（<20 ppb）略增加病毒檢出風險。結論：澳門地區的日均氣溫、相對濕度、空氣污染物水平對兒童呼吸道病毒活動影響效應明顯。空氣污染物水平越高，兒童呼吸道病毒感染風險越高。

關鍵字

呼吸道病毒 ； 氣象 ； 空氣污染 ； 兒童

並列摘要

Objective: This study aimed to reveal the effect of meteorological and air pollution factors on the respiratory viruses infection in children. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to investigate 4880 children hospitalized in Kiang Wu Hospital with acute respiratory tract infection from January 2014. to December 2017. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory viruses. The effectof meteorologicalenvironmental factors, including climatic factors (sunshine duration, wind speed, daily mean temperature and relative humidity) and air pollution factors (PM10, PM2.5, NO_2, O_3) on respiratory viruses was analyzed by distributed lag non-linear models. Results: 3767 cases (77.2%) were detected positive with respiratory viruses. The relative risk (RR) of virus-positive cases increased in three mean daily temperature (MDT) ranges: low MDT range (lower than 13℃), 17℃~27℃ (the peak value was about 22℃), and high MDT range (higher than 29℃) (RR> 1.0). In the relative humidity (RH) range of 40%~75%, the risk of viruses activity increased (>1.0). When sunshine duration (SD) was more than 11 hours/day, the risk decreased (RR<1.0). As the concentration of air pollutants increased, the risk of virus infection increased. At the high O_3 range (>80 ppb) and low O_3 range (<20 ppb), the risk increased slightly. Conclusion: MDT, RH, and air pollutant levels in Macao have significant effects on children's respiratory virus activities. The risk of respiratory virus infection in children increased with the increase of air pollutants level.

並列關鍵字

Respiratory viruses ； Meteorological factor ； Air pollution ； Children