從《奧瑞斯提亞》審視謝喜納的「環境劇場」的理論與實踐

Exploring Theory and Practice of Richard Schechner's Environmental Theatre in His Production of Oresteia

朱昕辰(Xin-chen Zhu)

《2019跨界對談14－表演藝術研究學術研討會論文集》 第十四屆 (2019/12) Pp. 50-74

摘要

理查．謝喜納（Richard Schechner，1934—）是「環境劇場」（environmental theatre）理論的提出者和劇場實踐者。1995年，在台北上演的《奧瑞斯提亞》不僅是謝喜納跨文化劇場實驗作品，也是謝喜納踐行其「環境劇場」理論的又一部重要作品。本論文將探討《奧瑞斯提亞》與謝喜納的「環境劇場」理論的關係，以便反思謝喜納「環境劇場」理論的內涵與侷限性。首先，文章分析謝喜納「環境劇場」之理論要點；再就其理論要點與中國戲曲的觀演關係進行跨文化比較，以便對其「環境劇場」之理論的侷限性做初步的探討；之後，就《奧瑞斯提亞》的演出進行詳細評析的基礎上，再重新反觀和省思謝氏「環境劇場」理論在遭遇跨文化劇場實踐時的困境。

關鍵字

理查．謝喜納 ； 「環境劇場」 ； 《奧瑞斯提亞》 ； 中國戲曲的觀演關係 ； 跨文化劇場

並列摘要

Richard Schechner (1934-)is a theatre scholar who created the theory of "environmental theatre" and put it into practice. Shown in Taipei in 1995, Oresteia was not only one of Schechner's intercultural theatrical productions, but also one of his theatrical productions where his theory of "environmental theatre" was applied. This article will explore the relationship between Oresteia and his theory of "environmental theatre", so that the value and the limitation of his theory will be discovered. Firstly, this article will examine main arguments in his theory of "environmental theatre"; secondly, in terms of spectatorship, the theory will be compared with the theory of traditional Chinese opera (xiqu) and the limitation of "environmental theatre" can be discussed further; thirdly, the theatrical production of Oresteia will be analysed, and in this way we will re-examine and reflect what difficulties there existed when Schechner's "environmental theatre" theory was put into intercultural theatrical productions.

並列關鍵字

Richard Schechner ； "environmental theatre" ； Oresteia ； performance and spectatorship in traditional Chinese xiqu ； intercultural theatre