以低價位P波警報器建置即時強地動觀測系統及其於地震預警之運用

Development of A Real-Time Shaking Map System Using Low Cost Acceleration Sensors and Its Application for Earthquake Early Warning

郭冠宏(Kuan-Hung Kuo)

指導教授 ： 吳逸民

國立臺灣大學/理學院/地質科學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00080

摘要

本研究利用低價位的地震儀(MEMS Acceleration Sensor，地震P波警報器Palert)，建置臺灣地區即時強地動觀測系統，為使即時地震訊號更容易交換、處理及應用，本系統採用美國地質調查所(United States Geological Survey, USGS)於1993年研發Earthworm之系統平臺，開發地震預警功能，並進行實際地震案例的測試與分析。本研究同時使用中央氣象局強地動觀測網(Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, TSMIP)資料，建立臺灣地區最大地動加速度值 (PGA) 之涵蓋面積(A)與地震規模迴歸關係式。本預警系統線上測試 2013 年以來規模大於 5.5 的島內地震，共計3個地震事件，分別為3月7日花蓮縣秀林鄉地震(ML 5.6；MW 5.5)、3月27日南投縣仁愛鄉地震(ML 6.1；MW 5.9)及6月2日南投縣仁愛鄉地震(ML 6.3；MW 6.2)。報告結果顯示，本預警系統皆於地震發生後10秒內產生預警報告，提供預估地震規模(分別為5.6、5.7及5.8)、有效的地震震央位置及即時震度圖等資訊。並分別於地震發生後20、19及17秒得到穩定的地震規模資訊，所預估地震規模分別為5.4、5.9及6.0。由結果可以預期，本研究建立之即時強地動觀測系統可於發震後30秒內提供預估規模、有效震央位置及即時震度圖等資訊，並於1分鐘內提供完整地震報告資訊。

關鍵字

地震 ； 地震預警 ； 即時震度圖

並列摘要

Real-time signals from Palert (low-cost MEMS acceleration sensor) are used to develop a real-time shaking map system based on the Earthworm environment in Taiwan. This system could provide real-time intensity map and estimate magnitude which is determined by shaking covered areas without earthquake location process. In order to derive an empirical strong motion attenuation relationship between the shaking covered areas and their corresponding earthquake magnitudes, we collected the strong motion records from 42 large crustal earthquakes recorded by the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (TSMIP) stations. The shaking covered areas (A) of certain peak ground acceleration (PGA) could be related to MA. Records of three earthquakes are used to test our system performance, they are the Hualien earthquake (ML 5.6, Mw 5.5) occurred on 7th March 2013, the Nantou earthquake (ML 6.1, Mw 5.9) occurred on 27th March 2013, and the Nantou earthquake (ML 6.3, Mw 6.2) occurred on 2nd June 2013. Results show that the first report could be provided at about 10 seconds after the earthquake occurrence and the magnitudes are reported as 5.5, 5.6 and 5.7 for Hualien and two Nantou events, respectively. Finally, the stable report could be obtained at about 20, 19 and 17 seconds after the earthquake occurred and the magnitudes are reported as 5.4, 5.9 and 6.0 for Hualien and two Nantou events, respectively. Base on the result from this study, the real-time shaking map system could provide rapidly real-time shaking map and estimate earthquake magnitude within 1 minute even tens of seconds. It will play an important role in seismic hazard mitigation.

並列關鍵字

Earthquake ； real-time shaking map ； earthquake early warning

參考文獻

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