子宮是女性特有且重要的器官,其主要的功能是孕育胎兒,但是當子宮生病時,通常會使得女性在生理和心理備受困擾,因此,接受子宮切除術就成了常見的治療方式。過去的研究大多著重在醫界對於子宮切除術的原因、方式,或是醫療適切性的討論;而本文要從經濟誘因的角度來分析子宮切除的行為。主要研究我國社會保險所提供的殘廢(失能)給付,是否會形成一種財務上的誘因,影響婦女對於子宮切除的抉擇?而且面對這樣的誘因,是否使得婦女產生道德風險,願意為了金錢而捨棄子宮? 由於社會保險所規定的請領條件,是婦女必須在年滿45歲前接受子宮全切除,才符合請領資格。因此,本文使用2005到2009年健保資料庫中年齡介於40至49歲之間,曾接受過子宮切除術的婦女為主要研究對象。為了觀察這群年齡在45歲前後的婦女,其子宮切除的情形是否會有差異,採用「中斷點迴歸設計(Regression Discontinuity Design)」進行分析。 實證結果顯示,具在職保險身份的婦女,在45歲前接受子宮切除的比率,顯著高於無在職保險身份者。而且具在職保險身份的婦女,其子宮切除比率在44歲達到高峰,卻在45歲出現急遽下降的特殊現象;並且當愈接近45歲,愈有密集接受子宮切除的情形。因此,社會保險給付的政策規定,確實會影響婦女對於子宮切除的行為。
The uterus is an important organ of a woman and its primary function is to carry a baby. When the uterus is failing, it usually causes considerable pain to a woman physically and mentally. Hysterectomy(the surgical removal of an uterus) has been a common medical procedure. So far, most studies dwelled on how or why hysterectomy was implemented in a medical sense. This paper, however, analyzes hysterectomy with regards to the economic incentive it produces. The research questions are, do social security disability benefits alter females’ choices of having their uterus removed? Or, does it provide a moral hazard in which female people remove their uteruses simply for money? According to national social security regulations, those qualified to receive disability benefits for hysterectomy are women below 45 years old. Thus, the targets of this study include women who have undergone hysterectomy at the age of 40 to 49, in the duration of 2005~2009(data retrieved from national health insurance database). In order to see the difference in behaviors before or after 45 years old, the researcher adopts Regression Discontinuity Design to analyze the data. The results show that women who are under insurance coverage are significantly more prone to undergo hysterectomy than women who are not under insurance coverage. For those who are under insurance coverage, the peak time of having hysterectomy is 44 years old, with a sudden drop in 45 years old. Besides, the closer the women are to 45 years old, the more likely they are to have hysterectomy. Thus, the benefits offered by social security indeed affect the behavior of hysterectomy in women.