關於次文化於著作權法上的問題 ─以日本判例之發展與特徵為中心

２１世紀無疑的是軟體的時代，各國視文化產業為未來的成長產業，並致力於文化產業的發展。文化產業對於國家競爭力有舉足輕重的地位是無庸置疑的。日本的次文化發達，關於漫畫、動畫、電玩遊戲等次文化，日本可說是領先在世界的尖端，關於這些產物在著作權法上訴訟也相當的多。因此，我想針對日本次文化在著作權法上的判決進行研究，進而將關於台灣次文化領域在解決著作權法上紛爭之方法作為參考。又，從次文化的角度，比較台灣與日本著作權法，探討雙方著作權法上的差異。　　本文首先研究日本判決的判例，將日本次文化區分為漫畫、電玩遊戲、動畫三大領域，一個領域為一章書寫。另外，本文也會針對訴訟實務上的法理解釋並進行研究。因日本法院為了彌補著作權法條文與現實變化所產生的乖離，常以法理來作解釋。而為了增進對於法理解釋的了解，以及能讓法律的解釋更為靈活，確有其研究的必要。而奠定了對於日本判例以及法理解釋的認識後，本文會進行台灣判例與日本著作權法的比較，最後提出有修改日本著作權法必要性的建議。

關鍵字

著作權法；日本；次文化；角色；頒布權；同一性保持權

並列摘要

The 21st century is undoubtedly the era of software. All the countries in the world regard the cultural industry as a growing industry and are dedicated to its development. It is beyond doubt that the cultural industry is very important for national competitiveness. Japanese subculture is extremely developed, especially regarding comics, animation, video games and so forth. We could say that Japan is a spearhead in those fields, and also there are many lawsuits about those products in copyright law. Therefore, I would like to research the adjudication about Japanese subculture in copyright law, and then use methods used to settle disputes about Taiwanese subculture as references. In addition, from the subculture’s point of view, I compare the Taiwanese and Japanese copyright law to investigate the difference between the both sides. In the first part of the article, I research the precedents of Japanese lawsuits, and divide the Japanese subculture into three parts：comics, video games, and animation, each examined in a separate chapter. In addition, this paper will be aimed at the legal interpretation of practices and conducts research. Since the Japanese Court wants to reconcile the deviation between the actual variation and what the clauses specified, they usually use the legal principle to interpret. In order to increase the comprehension about the legal interpretation and make the law interpretation more flexible, it is necessary to research it. After we have the foundation of the knowledge of Japanese lawsuits and legal interpretation, this article will proceed with the comparison between Taiwanese lawsuits and Japanese copyright law. In the end, I offer a suggestion that it is necessary to amend Japanese copyright law.