使用遙測資料探討都會地景蜘蛛多樣性之空間分布

Spatial Patterns of Spider Diversity in Urban Landscape by Using Remote Sensing Derived Indices

尤光平(Kuang-Ping Yu)

指導教授 ： 丁宗蘇

共同指導教授 ： 卓逸民(I-Min Tso)

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/森林環境暨資源學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201902479

摘要

遙測技術可以監測大空間尺度下的環境變化，使探討都市化對生物多樣性的衝擊研究更容易進行，其中，又以能夠反映棲地枝葉量多寡與初級生產力的植被指數最常被使用於描述棲地的面積以及棲地的品質；然而，有關棲地初級生產力假說和遙測資料衍生的環境因子如何影響蜘蛛這類肉食性小型節肢動物在大空間尺度下分布的研究卻較為缺乏且結果分歧。因此，本研究使用遙測資料所衍生的棲地動態指數與建蔽/裸地動態指數，探討與蜘蛛物種多樣性、科組成以及棲地偏好間的關係，並找出遙測因子能解釋最多變異的取樣尺度。本研究透過1145組掉落式陷阱蒐集蜘蛛樣本，並將蜘蛛物種多樣性依照1、6.25、25、100公頃的網格進行資料整合；另一方面，遙測資料則由大地8號衛星的網路公開資料庫取得，並使用廣義線性混合模式以及冗餘分析測試遙測因子和蜘蛛物種多樣性資料之間的關係。本研究發現，蜘蛛物種多樣性和棲地初級生產力呈顯著的正相關，且由於上行效應，使得蜘蛛儘管是食物鏈中上層的掠食者而非直接取食植物的初級消費者，棲地生產力假說仍能適用於牠們；且遙測因子，特別是年累積生產力，能夠顯著地解釋蜘蛛的物種多樣性以及科組成，而解釋變異的比例在6.25到25公頃的空間尺度之間達到最大。此外，狼蛛、皿蛛、姬蛛以及卵蛛這四個優勢科基於其體型、覓食策略和型態特徵的不同，棲地偏好能良好地被遙測因子所解釋。本研究提供了使用大尺度監測工具研究小型肉食節肢動物的方法，在保育策略方面，於都會綠地中營造初級生產力高且穩定的環境有助於蜘蛛多樣性的保育，除大面積綠地之外，高度都市化地區的行道樹或小型花壇亦是都會蜘蛛的重要棲地，減少殺蟲劑和除草劑的用量對於都會蜘蛛的物種多樣性保育亦有助益。

關鍵字

棲地生產力 ； 增強植被指數 ； 棲地動態指數 ； 增強建蔽/裸地指數 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

Through remote sensing data, monitoring the impact of urbanization on species diversity at a regional scale has become more and more convenient. Vegetation indices have been used to represent the size of habitats and habitat quality by predicting the amount of foliage and habitat productivity. However, studies on how habitat primary productivity hypothesis and remote sensing derived environmental factors (RS factors) affect spatial distribution of spiders at large spatial scales are lacking, and the relationship between spider diversity and RS factors remains unclear. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the relationship of spider species richness, family composition, and habitat preference with RS factors (Dynamic Habitat Indices and Dynamic Building/Bareness Indices) and determine the best spatial scale of sampling unit which RS factors could explain the largest variance in spider species richness and family composition. Spider species distribution data were obtained by pitfall traps in 1,145 sampling sites in an urbanization landscape in central Taiwan. Remote sensing data were obtained from Landsat 8 images. The relationships between RS factors and spider assemblage diversity were examined by generalized linear mixed models and redundancy analysis at four spatial scales: 1, 6.25, 25, and 100 ha grids. Results reveal that although spiders are predators which occupy higher trophic level, spider diversity follows habitat productivity hypothesis based on bottom-up effect, and thus could be modeled by RS factors significantly, especially cumulative Dynamic Habitat Index. The best spatial scale for studying spider diversity by RS factors was between 6.25 to 25 ha. With differences in sizes, foraging strategy, and morphological traits, habitat preferences of dominant spider families, Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, Theridiidae, and Oonopidae, could also be well explained by RS factors. Overall, the present study offers methods of modeling the spatial distribution of small carnivorous invertebrate species richness in the urbanization landscape by remote sensing data at a broad scale. For spider biodiversity conservation, maintaining high and stable habitat productivity in green areas, such as parks or school campuses, can help maintain high spider species richness. Also, Reducing the use of pesticides and herbicide at street trees and small vegetated patches in highly urbanized areas may also help on conserving spider diversity.

並列關鍵字

Habitat productivity ； EVI ； Dynamic Habitat Indices ； EBBI ； Taiwan

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