都市化對原生鳥類有諸多負面衝擊,但規劃良好的都市綠地可提供野鳥棲息的環境。黑冠麻鷺近年來在臺灣的都市綠地中已成為常見的鳥種,但對於其在都市綠地的基礎生態研究仍屬匱乏。本研究於臺北市進行穿越線調查及蒐集機會型公民科學資料,試圖探討黑冠麻鷺在都市綠地內的棲地偏好、影響各都市綠地間分布數量的環境因子及公民科學於其棲地偏好研究的適用性。研究結果發現都市綠地內的黑冠麻鷺偏好棲息於遮蔭地,並會避開道路、建築物、人工設施及上方無遮蔭的灌叢,而都市綠地內的綠地面積是其分布數量最重要的正面影響因子。另透過比較研究資料與公民科學資料,發現機會型公民科學資料雖因地理、時間、努力量等不均而造成結果有所偏誤,但在部分分析結果如偏好遮蔭地、避開人工設施等仍與系統性調查結果吻合,而公民科學資料除了有輔助系統性研究的功能,還有回報繫放個體出沒資訊、增進民眾環境意識、啟發研究題材等價值。
Urbanization has many negative impacts on native birds, but well-planed urban greenspaces can also provide habitats for birds. Malayan night herons (Gorsachius melanolophus) has become a common bird species in urban greenspaces of Taiwan in recent years, but ecological research about the species in urban greenspaces remains rare. Using line transect surveys and opportunistic citizen science data collected in Taipei City, this research aims to investigate the habitat preference of the herons, the environmental factors that affect the abundance of the herons, and the usefulness of citizen science in habitat preference research of the herons in urban greenspaces. The results showed that Malayan night herons in urban greenspaces prefer shaded area beneath the tree canopy, and tend to avoid roads, buildings, artificial facilities and unshaded shrubs. Meanwhile, the vegetated area of urban greenspaces is the most important positive factor affecting the abundance of the herons. By comparing the statistical results of our survey data with citizen science data, we concluded that opportunistic citizen science data are biased due to uneven temporal-spatial distribution and efforts between different citizen scientists, certain conclusions such as the herons’ preference for shaded area beneath the tree canopy, and their avoidance of artificial facilities are still consistent with the results of our survey data. Finally, in addition to an ideal complement to systematic research, citizen science is also applicable in reporting the banded birds, enhancing public awareness of the environment, and inspiring the scientists with more research topics.