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  • 學位論文

市場狀態、投資人風險偏好與基金經理人從眾行為

Market State, Risk Aversion of the Investors and Herding Behavior of Mutual Fund Managers

指導教授 : 胡星陽
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摘要


過去研究總結基金經理人從眾行為,即彼此模仿投資部位,可能有以下四個主要原因: 一、基金經理人有相同的資訊集合,因此作出相同的投資決策。此動機下,從眾為一理性決策,經理人在考量其所擁有資訊後,作出一致的決策。 二、基金經理人對於證券特性有相同的偏好或趨避傾向,例如對低流動性的股票一致趨避,而偏好更大交易活絡的股票,因此展現類似從眾的交易行為。 三、基金經理人擔心作出和他人不同的投資決策,報酬率卻低於他人時,對其個人聲譽造成損害,因而選擇模仿他人的投資決策。 四、基金經理人沒有優勢資訊,從眾行為目的在於追求相對績效。因為投資部位與其他基金相同,即能夠保證基金的績效排名不會落於殿後。  若基金經理人從眾的動機為追求相對績效,投資人以絕對績效或相對績效選擇基金,會影響基金經理人從眾的行為。投資人作投資決策時,較重視相對績效而較不重視絕對績效,則基金經理人會有更強的動機從眾,意即模仿其他基金經理人的投資策略。因為只要績效排名不落後於其他基金太多,就能吸引投資人購買。反之,若投資人選購基金以絕對績效為準時,基金經理人從眾的動機將大幅減少,因為儘管績效排名不差,絕對績效不佳仍然不足以吸引投資人購買。 本研究欲以投資人財富對其絕對風險趨避程度的效果,探討在何種市場狀態下,投資人會較重視相對指標,進而影響基金經理人的從眾行為。更精確的說,本研究欲分辨在大盤表現較差時,投資人是否因風險趨避程度上升,而較不重視相對績效,從而減弱基金經理人投資從眾行為,同時確認基金經理人從眾行為是否源於追求相對績效。 本研究得到以下結論: 一、市場狀態不同時,投資人基金投資活動有顯著的差異。在市場狀態較好時,基金流量顯著高於市場狀態差時的基金流量,顯示投資人購買基金的意願在市場好時較高。而市場好時基金流量的變異數亦較高,顯示投資人在市場較好時,進出基金市場較頻繁,交易較活絡。 二、投資人購買基金時,考慮相對排名、絕對績效、以及基金各項費用。而在市場狀態較差時,投資人選購基金時對排名較不敏感。 三、基金經理人從眾交易行為,在市場狀態不同時,有顯著的差異。市場狀態好時,基金經理人的從眾交易行為較市場狀態差時要強。

關鍵字

基金流量 基金績效 從眾

並列摘要


Generally speaking, herding behavior of mutual fund managers has four theoretical explanations: 1. Fund managers have the same information set and make the same investment decisions. 2. Fund managers have the same preference toward some characteristics of securities. For example, low-liquidity stocks are undesirable to all fund managers. 3. Fund managers concern about their own reputation. 4. Fund managers are chasing relative performance. If fund managers herd to earn high relative performance, their herding behavior would become stronger or weaker while investors change their mental value of relative performance. In this research, we used data of Taiwanese mutual fund to analyze the effect of relative performance on fund flow in a up or down market. We also looked into the herding behavior of fund managers in different market state. We obtained following results. 1. In a up market, investors invest more in mutual fund. 2. Absolute and relative performance have significant effect on fund flow. In a down market, the effect of relative performance is weaker than in a up market. 3. Herding behavior is significant higher in the up market than in the down market.

並列關鍵字

Fund flow fund performance herding

參考文獻


1. Anthony W. Lynch and David K. Muston,” How Investors Interpret Past Fund Returns”, Journal of Finance, October 2003.
2. Chevalier, J., and G. Ellison. “Risk Taking by Mutual Funds as a Response to Incentives.” Journal of Political Economy, 1997, p.1167-1200.
3. Cohn, R. A., Lewellen, W. G., Leasw, R. C., and Schlarbaum, G. G., “Individual investor risk aversion and investment portfolio composition.” Journal of Finance, 1975, p. 30, p. 605-620.
4. Erik R. Sirri and Peter Tufano, “Costly Search and Mutual Fund Flows”, Journal of Finance, October 1998.
5. Falkenstein, Eric G., “Preferences for stock characteristics as revealed by mutual fund portfolio holdings”, Journal of Finance, 1996, vol.51, p.111–135.

被引用紀錄


洪毓鎂(2011)。臺灣股市投資人從眾行為實證研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.10164

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